risk assessments

Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)

Risk Assessments
Risk assessments for species beginning with the letters "G" and "H":

Information on Risk Assessments

Scientific Name Family Common name Risk assessment Country or Area Score Recommendation

Galphimia gracilis

Malphigiaceae

slender goldshower

Assessment

Pacific

-2

low risk

Garcinia mangostana Clusiaceae mangosteen Assessment Pacific -5 low risk

Garcinia xanthochymus Clusiaceae yellow mangosteen Assessment Pacific 4 evaluate

Gardenia jasminoides

Rubiaceae

Cape jasmine

Assessment

Pacific

0

low risk

Gardenia taitensis

Rubiaceae

Tahitian gardenia

Assessment

Pacific

-4

low risk

Gardenia thunbergia Rubiaceae wild gardenia Assessment Pacific -4 low risk

Gaura lindheimeri Onagraceae gaura Assessment Pacific 2 low risk*

Gaussia attenuata Arecaceae llume palm Assessment Pacific 0 low risk

Gazania rigens var. leucolaena Asteraceae trailing gazania Assessment Pacific 9 high risk

Genipa americana Rubiaceae genipap Assessment U.S. (Florida) 3 accept*

Geonoma interrupta Arecaceae chontilla Assessment Pacific 6 high risk

Geranium ruprechtii Geraniaceae cranesbill Assessment U.S. (Florida) 3 accept*

Gigantochloa apus Poaceaae Tabashir bamboo Assessment Pacific 2 low risk*

Gigantochloa atter Poaceaae sweet bamboo Assessment Pacific -3 low risk

Gigantochloa robusta Poaceaae robust bamboo Assessment Pacific -4 low risk

Ginkgo biloba Ginkgoaceae ginkgo Assessment Pacific 0 low risk

Gironniera parvifolia Ulmaceae Assessment U.S. (Florida) -4 accept

Gliricidia sepium Fabaceae mother of cacao Assessment Australia 4 evaluate

Gliricidia sepium Fabaceae mother of cacao Assessment Pacific -3 low risk

Gloriosa superba Liliaceae flame lily Assessment U.S. (Florida) 14 reject

Gmelina arborea Verbenaceae gmelina Assessment Pacific 2 low risk*

Gmelina asiatica Verbenaceae badhara bush Assessment Australia 14 reject

Gmelina asiatica Verbenaceae Asian bushbeech Assessment Pacific 13 high risk

Godmania aesculifolia Bignoniaceae cachillo Assessment Pacific -3 low risk

Gomphocarpus physocarpus Asclepiadaceae balloon plant Assessment Australia 6 reject

Gomphocarpus physocarpus Asclepiadaceae milkweed Assessment Pacific 8 high risk

Gomphrena globosa Amaranthaceae globe amaranth Assessment Pacific 8 high risk

Gomphrena globosa Amaranthaceae globe amaranth Assessment U.S. (Florida) 8 reject

Gossypium barbadense Malvaceae sea island cotton Assessment Pacific 5 evaluate

Gossypium hirsutum Malvaceae upland cotton Assessment Pacific 9 high risk

Graptopetalum paraguayense Crassulaceae Ghost Plant Assessment Pacific 2 low risk*

Graptophyllum pictum

Acanthaceae

caricature-plant

Assessment

Pacific

-5

low risk

Grevillea banksii Proteaceae Bank's grevillea Assessment Pacific 8 high risk

Grevillea robusta Proteaceae silky oak Assessment Pacific 5 evaluate

Grevillea rosmarinifolia Proteaceae rosmary grevilea Assessment Pacific 4 evaluate

Grewia flavescens Malvaceae sandpaper raisin Assessment U.S. (Florida) 0 accept

Grewia micrantha Malvaceae golden fruit raisin Assessment Pacific 5 evaluate

Grewia occidentalis

Malvaceae

lavender star flower

Assessment

Pacific

-3

low risk

Griffonia simplicifolia Fabaceae griffonia Assessment Pacific 0 low risk

Guaiacum officinale

Zygophyllaceae

lignum vitae

Assessment

Pacific

-6

low risk

Guaiacum sanctum Zygophyllaceae holywood Assessment Pacific 3 evaluate

Guettarda speciosa Rubiaceae beach gardenia Assessment Pacific -1 low risk

Gutierrezia sarothrae Asteraceae broom snakeweed Assessment Pacific 15 high risk

Guzmania lindenii Bromeliaceae guzmania Assessment Pacific 7 high risk

Gymnocoronis spilanthoides Asteraceae Senegal tea Assessment Australia 7 reject

Gymnosporia emarginata Celastraceae kankera Assessment Pacific 2 evaluate

Gymnostoma papuanum Casurinaceae gymnostoma Assessment Pacific 0 low risk

Gynura aurantiaca Asteraceae purple velvet plant Assessment U.S. (Florida) -4 accept

Haematoxylum campechianum Fabaceae campechewood Assessment Australia 8 reject

Haematoxylum campechianum Fabaceae campechewood Assessment Pacific 8 high risk

Hakea salicifolia Porteaceae willow hakea Assessment Pacific 13 high risk

Hamelia patens Rubiaceae firebush Assessment Pacific 7 high risk

Hapaline benthamiana Araceae Assessment U.S. (Florida) 1 accept

Haplophragma adenophyllum Bignoniaceae karenwood Assessment Pacific 0 low risk

Harpephyllum caffrum Anacardiaceae wild plum Assessment Pacific -1 low risk

Harpullia pendula

Sapindaceae

tulipwood

Assessment

Pacific

-4

low risk

Hedera algeriensis Araliaceae Algerian ivy Assessment Pacific 4 high risk*

Hedera canariensis Araliaceae Canary ivy Assessment U.S. (Florida) 13 reject

Hedera helix Araliaceae English ivy Assessment Pacific 10 high risk

Hedera pastuchovii Araliaceae Russian ivy Assessment U.S. (Florida) 3 evaluate

Hedychium coronarium Zingiberaceae white ginger Assessment Pacific 10 high risk

Hedychium flavescens Zingiberaceae yellow ginger Assessment Pacific 11 high risk

Hedychium gardnerianum

Zingiberaceae

kahili ginger

Assessment

Pacific

16

high risk

Helianthus annuus Asteraceae sunflower Assessment Pacific 10.5 high risk

Helianthus argophyllus Asteraceae silverleaf sunflower Assessment U.S. (Florida) 3 accept*

Heliconia caribaea Heliconiaceae heliconia Assessment Pacific -1 low risk

Heliconia psittacorum Heliconiaceae parrot's beak Assessment Pacific 11 high risk

Heliconia stricta

Heliconiaceae

small lobster claw

Assessment

Pacific

6

low risk*

Heliconia steyermarkii Heliconiaceae Assessment U.S. (Florida) -2 accept

Helictotrichon sempervirens Poaceae blue oat grass Assessment Pacific 1 low risk*

Heliocarpus popayanensis Tiliaceae moho Assessment Pacific 7 high risk

Hemerocallis citrina Liliaceae citron day-lily Assessment Pacific -7 low risk

Hemerocallis fulva var. aurantiaca Liliaceae day lily Assessment Pacific -3 low risk

Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus Liliaceae lemon day-lily Assessment Pacific -1 low risk

Hemerocallis thunbergii Liliaceae late yellow day-lily Assessment Pacific -6 low risk

Hemigraphis alternata Acanthaceae metal leaf Assessment Pacific 1 low risk*

Heritiera littoralis
Sterculiaceae
looking-glass tree

Assessment

Pacific

-2

low risk

Hernandia ovigera Hernandiaceae jack in the box tree
Assessment
Pacific -4 low risk

Hernandia sonora

Hernandiaceae

toporite

Assessment

Pacific

-5

low risk

Heteromeles arbutifolia Rosaceae Christmas berry Assessment Pacific 9 high risk

Herterospathe elata Arecaceae sagisi palm Assessment Pacific 5 evaluate

Hibiscus calyphyllus

Malvaceae

lemonyellow rosemallow

Assessment

Pacific

1

low risk*

Hibiscus immaculatus Malvaceae koki‘o ke‘oke‘o Assessment Pacific -3 low risk

Hibiscus insularis Malvaceae Philip Island hibiscus Assessment Pacific -3 low risk

Hibiscus mutabilis Malvaceae cotton rose Assessment Pacific 0 low risk

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Malvaceae

Chinese hibiscus

Assessment

Pacific

-2

low risk

Hibiscus sabdariffa Malvaceae roselle
Assessment
Pacific 6 low risk*

Hibiscus schizopetalus

Malvaceae

coral hibiscus

Assessment

Pacific

-4

low risk

Hibiscus syriacus Malvaceae rose of Sharon Assessment Pacific 5 evaluate

Hibiscus tiliaceus Malvaceae mahoe Assessment U.S. (Florida) 11 reject**

Hippeastrum puniceum
Liliaceae

Barbados lily

Assessment
Pacific 2 low risk*

Hiptage benghalensis

Malpighiaceae

hiptage

Assessment

Pacific

8

high risk

Holcus lanatus Poaceae common velvet grass Assessment Australia 15 reject

Holmskioldia sanguinea

Verbenaceae

Chinese hatplant

Assessment

Pacific

-1

low risk

Holmskioldia tettensis Verbenaceae purple Chinese hatplant Assessment Pacific -5 low risk

Homalanthus populifolius Euphorbiaceae bleeding heart tree Assessment Pacific 15 high risk

Houttuynia cordata Saururaceae chameleon-plant Assessment Pacific 8 high risk

Howea forsteriana Arecaceae kantia palm Assessment Pacific 3 evaluate

Hoya australis Asclepiadaceae Samoan wax flower Assessment Pacific 8 high risk

Hoya multiflora Asclepiadaceae wax plant Assessment Pacific -2 low risk

Hunnemannia fumanifolia Papaveraceae goldencup Assessment Pacific 3 low risk*

Hura crepitans Euphorbiaceae sandbox tree Assessment Pacific 8 high risk

Hydrilla verticillata Hydrocharitaceae hydrilla Assessment Australia 20 reject

Hygrophila polysperma Acanthaceae East Inian swampweed Assessment Pacific 20 high risk

Hymenachne amplexicaulis Poaceae hymenachne Assessment Australia 21 reject

Hymenaea courbaril Fabaceae West Indian locust Assessment Pacific 0 low risk

Hyophorbe lagenicaulis

Arecaceae

bottle palm

Assessment

Pacific

-3

low risk

Hyophorbe verschaffeltii Arecaceae spindle palm Assessment Pacific -5 low risk

Hyparrhenia rufa Poaceae thatching grass Assessment Australia 7 reject

Hypericum androsaemum Clusiaceae amber Assessment Australia 18 reject

Hypericum canariense Clusiaceae Canary Islands St. Johnswort Assessment Australia 14 reject

Hypericum canariense Clusiaceae Canary Islands St. Johnswort Assessment Pacific 9 high risk

Hypericum perforatum Clusiaceae goatweed Assessment Pacific 12 high risk

Hypoestes phyllostachya Acanthaceae polka dot plant Assessment Pacific 20 high risk

Hyptis capitata Lamiaceae knobweed Assessment Australia 17 reject

Hyptis pectinata Lamiaceae comb bushmint Assessment U.S. (Florida) 11 reject

Hyptis suaveolens Lamiaceae wild spikenard Assessment Australia 19 reject

*Accepted or rejected based on second screen.
**Native or early introduction in the Pacific region (excluding Hawai‘i).

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This page updated 22 March 2013

Scientific Name	Family	Common name	Risk assessment	Country or Area	Score	Recommendation
*Galphimia gracilis*	Malphigiaceae	slender goldshower	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
*Garcinia mangostana*	Clusiaceae	mangosteen	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Garcinia xanthochymus*	Clusiaceae	yellow mangosteen	Assessment	Pacific	4	evaluate
*Gardenia jasminoides*	Rubiaceae	Cape jasmine	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Gardenia taitensis*	Rubiaceae	Tahitian gardenia	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Gardenia thunbergia*	Rubiaceae	wild gardenia	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Gaura lindheimeri*	Onagraceae	gaura	Assessment	Pacific	2	low risk*
*Gaussia attenuata*	Arecaceae	llume palm	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Gazania rigens var. leucolaena	Asteraceae	trailing gazania	Assessment	Pacific	9	high risk
Genipa americana	Rubiaceae	genipap	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	3	accept*
*Geonoma interrupta*	Arecaceae	chontilla	Assessment	Pacific	6	high risk
Geranium ruprechtii	Geraniaceae	cranesbill	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	3	accept*
*Gigantochloa apus*	Poaceaae	Tabashir bamboo	Assessment	Pacific	2	low risk*
*Gigantochloa atter*	Poaceaae	sweet bamboo	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Gigantochloa robusta*	Poaceaae	robust bamboo	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
Ginkgo biloba	Ginkgoaceae	ginkgo	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Gironniera parvifolia	Ulmaceae		Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	-4	accept
Gliricidia sepium	Fabaceae	mother of cacao	Assessment	Australia	4	evaluate
Gliricidia sepium	Fabaceae	mother of cacao	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
Gloriosa superba	Liliaceae	flame lily	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	14	reject
Gmelina arborea	Verbenaceae	gmelina	Assessment	Pacific	2	low risk*
Gmelina asiatica	Verbenaceae	badhara bush	Assessment	Australia	14	reject
Gmelina asiatica	Verbenaceae	Asian bushbeech	Assessment	Pacific	13	high risk
*Godmania aesculifolia*	Bignoniaceae	cachillo	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
Gomphocarpus physocarpus	Asclepiadaceae	balloon plant	Assessment	Australia	6	reject
Gomphocarpus physocarpus	Asclepiadaceae	milkweed	Assessment	Pacific	8	high risk
Gomphrena globosa	Amaranthaceae	globe amaranth	Assessment	Pacific	8	high risk
Gomphrena globosa	Amaranthaceae	globe amaranth	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	8	reject
Gossypium barbadense	Malvaceae	sea island cotton	Assessment	Pacific	5	evaluate
Gossypium hirsutum	Malvaceae	upland cotton	Assessment	Pacific	9	high risk
Graptopetalum paraguayense	Crassulaceae	Ghost Plant	Assessment	Pacific	2	low risk*
*Graptophyllum pictum*	Acanthaceae	caricature-plant	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
Grevillea banksii	Proteaceae	Bank's grevillea	Assessment	Pacific	8	high risk
Grevillea robusta	Proteaceae	silky oak	Assessment	Pacific	5	evaluate
*Grevillea rosmarinifolia*	Proteaceae	rosmary grevilea	Assessment	Pacific	4	evaluate
Grewia flavescens	Malvaceae	sandpaper raisin	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	0	accept
*Grewia micrantha*	Malvaceae	golden fruit raisin	Assessment	Pacific	5	evaluate
Grewia occidentalis	Malvaceae	lavender star flower	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Griffonia simplicifolia*	Fabaceae	griffonia	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Guaiacum officinale*	Zygophyllaceae	lignum vitae	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
*Guaiacum sanctum*	Zygophyllaceae	holywood	Assessment	Pacific	3	evaluate
*Guettarda speciosa*	Rubiaceae	beach gardenia	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Gutierrezia sarothrae*	Asteraceae	broom snakeweed	Assessment	Pacific	15	high risk
Guzmania lindenii	Bromeliaceae	guzmania	Assessment	Pacific	7	high risk
Gymnocoronis spilanthoides	Asteraceae	Senegal tea	Assessment	Australia	7	reject
Gymnosporia emarginata	Celastraceae	kankera	Assessment	Pacific	2	evaluate
*Gymnostoma papuanum*	Casurinaceae	gymnostoma	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Gynura aurantiaca	Asteraceae	purple velvet plant	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	-4	accept
Haematoxylum campechianum	Fabaceae	campechewood	Assessment	Australia	8	reject
Haematoxylum campechianum	Fabaceae	campechewood	Assessment	Pacific	8	high risk
Hakea salicifolia	Porteaceae	willow hakea	Assessment	Pacific	13	high risk
Hamelia patens	Rubiaceae	firebush	Assessment	Pacific	7	high risk
Hapaline benthamiana	Araceae		Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	1	accept
*Haplophragma adenophyllum*	Bignoniaceae	karenwood	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Harpephyllum caffrum*	Anacardiaceae	wild plum	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Harpullia pendula*	Sapindaceae	tulipwood	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
Hedera algeriensis	Araliaceae	Algerian ivy	Assessment	Pacific	4	high risk*
Hedera canariensis	Araliaceae	Canary ivy	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	13	reject
Hedera helix	Araliaceae	English ivy	Assessment	Pacific	10	high risk
Hedera pastuchovii	Araliaceae	Russian ivy	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	3	evaluate
Hedychium coronarium	Zingiberaceae	white ginger	Assessment	Pacific	10	high risk
Hedychium flavescens	Zingiberaceae	yellow ginger	Assessment	Pacific	11	high risk
Hedychium gardnerianum	Zingiberaceae	kahili ginger	Assessment	Pacific	16	high risk
Helianthus annuus	Asteraceae	sunflower	Assessment	Pacific	10.5	high risk
*Helianthus argophyllus*	Asteraceae	silverleaf sunflower	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	3	accept*
Heliconia caribaea	Heliconiaceae	heliconia	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Heliconia psittacorum	Heliconiaceae	parrot's beak	Assessment	Pacific	11	high risk
Heliconia stricta	Heliconiaceae	small lobster claw	Assessment	Pacific	6	low risk*
*Heliconia steyermarkii*	Heliconiaceae		Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	-2	accept
*Helictotrichon sempervirens*	Poaceae	blue oat grass	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
*Heliocarpus popayanensis*	Tiliaceae	moho	Assessment	Pacific	7	high risk
Hemerocallis citrina	Liliaceae	citron day-lily	Assessment	Pacific	-7	low risk
**Hemerocallis fulva var. aurantiaca**	Liliaceae	day lily	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus*	Liliaceae	lemon day-lily	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
*Hemerocallis thunbergii*	Liliaceae	late yellow day-lily	Assessment	Pacific	-6	low risk
Hemigraphis alternata	Acanthaceae	metal leaf	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
Heritiera littoralis	Sterculiaceae	looking-glass tree	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
Hernandia ovigera	Hernandiaceae	jack in the box tree	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Hernandia sonora*	Hernandiaceae	toporite	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Heteromeles arbutifolia*	Rosaceae	Christmas berry	Assessment	Pacific	9	high risk
*Herterospathe elata*	Arecaceae	sagisi palm	Assessment	Pacific	5	evaluate
*Hibiscus calyphyllus*	Malvaceae	lemonyellow rosemallow	Assessment	Pacific	1	low risk*
Hibiscus immaculatus	Malvaceae	koki‘o ke‘oke‘o	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
Hibiscus insularis	Malvaceae	Philip Island hibiscus	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Hibiscus mutabilis*	Malvaceae	cotton rose	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
*Hibiscus rosa-sinensis*	Malvaceae	Chinese hibiscus	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
*Hibiscus sabdariffa*	Malvaceae	roselle	Assessment	Pacific	6	low risk*
Hibiscus schizopetalus	Malvaceae	coral hibiscus	Assessment	Pacific	-4	low risk
*Hibiscus syriacus*	Malvaceae	rose of Sharon	Assessment	Pacific	5	evaluate
Hibiscus tiliaceus	Malvaceae	mahoe	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	11	reject**
Hippeastrum puniceum	Liliaceae	Barbados lily	Assessment	Pacific	2	low risk*
*Hiptage benghalensis*	Malpighiaceae	hiptage	Assessment	Pacific	8	high risk
Holcus lanatus	Poaceae	common velvet grass	Assessment	Australia	15	reject
*Holmskioldia sanguinea*	Verbenaceae	Chinese hatplant	Assessment	Pacific	-1	low risk
Holmskioldia tettensis	Verbenaceae	purple Chinese hatplant	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
*Homalanthus populifolius*	Euphorbiaceae	bleeding heart tree	Assessment	Pacific	15	high risk
Houttuynia cordata	Saururaceae	chameleon-plant	Assessment	Pacific	8	high risk
Howea forsteriana	Arecaceae	kantia palm	Assessment	Pacific	3	evaluate
Hoya australis	Asclepiadaceae	Samoan wax flower	Assessment	Pacific	8	high risk
Hoya multiflora	Asclepiadaceae	wax plant	Assessment	Pacific	-2	low risk
*Hunnemannia fumanifolia*	Papaveraceae	goldencup	Assessment	Pacific	3	low risk*
*Hura crepitans*	Euphorbiaceae	sandbox tree	Assessment	Pacific	8	high risk
Hydrilla verticillata	Hydrocharitaceae	hydrilla	Assessment	Australia	20	reject
Hygrophila polysperma	Acanthaceae	East Inian swampweed	Assessment	Pacific	20	high risk
Hymenachne amplexicaulis	Poaceae	hymenachne	Assessment	Australia	21	reject
*Hymenaea courbaril*	Fabaceae	West Indian locust	Assessment	Pacific	0	low risk
Hyophorbe lagenicaulis	Arecaceae	bottle palm	Assessment	Pacific	-3	low risk
*Hyophorbe verschaffeltii*	Arecaceae	spindle palm	Assessment	Pacific	-5	low risk
Hyparrhenia rufa	Poaceae	thatching grass	Assessment	Australia	7	reject
Hypericum androsaemum	Clusiaceae	amber	Assessment	Australia	18	reject
Hypericum canariense	Clusiaceae	Canary Islands St. Johnswort	Assessment	Australia	14	reject
Hypericum canariense	Clusiaceae	Canary Islands St. Johnswort	Assessment	Pacific	9	high risk
Hypericum perforatum	Clusiaceae	goatweed	Assessment	Pacific	12	high risk
Hypoestes phyllostachya	Acanthaceae	polka dot plant	Assessment	Pacific	20	high risk
Hyptis capitata	Lamiaceae	knobweed	Assessment	Australia	17	reject
Hyptis pectinata	Lamiaceae	comb bushmint	Assessment	U.S. (Florida)	11	reject
Hyptis suaveolens	Lamiaceae	wild spikenard	Assessment	Australia	19	reject