Research directed by C. Daehler (UH Botany) with funding from the Kaulunani Urban Forestry Program and US Forest Service

Information on Risk Assessments
Original risk assessment

Veitchia montgomeryana (Adonidia montgomeryana, Montgomery palm, Christmas palm)

Answer

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=-1, n=-1

n

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

n

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2

?=-1, n=0

y

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

n

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

4.1

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

y

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

y

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

n

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

y

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

y

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

n

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

n

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

-1

Source

Notes

1.01

No evidence

1.02

No evidence of introductions or naturalization

1.03

No evidence

2.01

(1) Probably native to New Hebrides islands. (2)Native to New Hebrides. (3)Vanuatu (endemic)

(1)Horticopia A-Z. CD-ROM database. (2) Krempin, J. Palms and Cycads around the world. Horwitz Grahame Pvt Ltd. (3)http://www.fao.org/docrep/X0451e/X0451e07.htm

2.02

2.03

Hardiness range 10B-11

Horticopia A-Z. CD-ROM database.

2.04

Probably native to New Hebrides islands.

(1)Horticopia A-Z. CD-ROM database. (2) Krempin, J. Palms and Cycads around the world. Horwitz Grahame Pvt Ltd.

2.05

Widely grown horticultural palm

3.01

No evidence of introductions or naturalization

3.02

No evidence

3.03

No evidence

3.04

No evidence

3.05

No evidence

4.01

No evidence

4.02

No evidence

4.03

No evidence

4.04

No information

4.05

No evidence

4.06

Quarentine plant in Texas

www.agr.state.tx.us/producer_info/.../reg_title_4.htm

4.07

palm heart harvested for tourist restaurants

http://www.fao.org/docrep/X0451e/X0451e07.htm

4.08

A single trunked palm

4.09

(1) Partial shade or partial sun to fill sun. (2)It has a moderate to high light requirement

(1)Horticopia A-Z. CD-ROM database. (2)http://www.lsgsg.com/Avail/LandscapePlantsDetail.asp?PlantDetailsID=3831

4.1

Loamy, sandy, clay, acidic, neutral, slightly alkaline, somewhat drought tolerant.

Horticopia A-Z. CD-ROM database.

4.11

Probably not - not a vine.

4.12

No evidence

5.01

A palm in Arecaceae.

Horticopia A-Z. CD-ROM database.

5.02

5.03

5.04

6.01

no evidence

6.02

seeds for sale

www.seedcoseeds.com/seedtalk2/_seedtalk/00000217.htm

6.03

Wodyetia bifurcata X Veitchia montgomeryana is listed at this site.

http://www.plantapalm.com/vpe/photos/Species/wbifurcataXvmontgomeryana.htm

6.04

Monoecious - self pollinating

Krempin, J. Palms and Cycads around the world. Horwitz Grahame Pvt Ltd.

6.05

Monoecious - self pollinating

Krempin, J. Palms and Cycads around the world. Horwitz Grahame Pvt Ltd.

6.06

single trunked palm

6.07

No information

7.01

Probably not - no evidence that the propagules have any means of attachment.

Horticopia A-Z. CD-ROM database.

7.02

Ornamental palm

7.03

large seeds

http://www.cactus-mall.com/rowland/palm.html

7.04

large seeds

http://www.cactus-mall.com/rowland/palm.html

7.05

salt tolerant (possibly seeds float in ocean water)

7.06

No information on seed dispersal.

7.07

likely regurgitated

7.08

large seeds

http://www.cactus-mall.com/rowland/palm.html

8.01

large seeds

http://www.cactus-mall.com/rowland/palm.html

8.02

Arecaceae (no seed bank)

8.03

No evidence that the species is being controlled for.

8.04

No information

8.05

Don’t know.