Tetrapanax papyrifer (Hook.) K. Koch Family - Araliaceae. Common Names(s) -aralia Chinese rice-paper-plant, rice-paper-plant Synonym(s) - Aralia papyrifera

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

y

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

y

2

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

2 or 3

0

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

y

1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

y

1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

5

Notes

Source

1.01

No evidence of being highly domesticated. (1) Tetrapanax papyrifer was first mentioned in western literature in 1690. It was first brought to England in 1805. It has been cultivated for many years in Formosa and China. Large plantations were documented in Formosa about 1850 and in Kweichow in 1922.

(1) Perdue, R.E., Jr., Kraebel, C.J., 1961. The Rice-Paper Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic Botany 15, 165-179.

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1) Asia - Temperate: China; Japan; Taiwan (2) The rice-paper plant has been introduced into most tropical and subtropical areas, where it is planted as an ornamental. (3)Ornamental plant of tropical and subtropical areas

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?36394 [Cited 2009 September 16]. (2) Perdue, R.E., Jr., Kraebel, C.J., 1961. The Rice-Paper Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic Botany 15, 165-179. (3)Hanelt, P., R. Büttner, and R. Mansfeld. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops (except ornamentals). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany.

2.02

(1) Asia - Temperate: China; Japan; Taiwan (2) The rice-paper plant has been introduced into most tropical and subtropical areas, where it is planted as an ornamental.

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?36394 [Cited 2009 September 16]. (2) Perdue, R.E., Jr., Kraebel, C.J., 1961. The Rice-Paper Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic Botany 15, 165-179.

2.03

(1) Tetrapanax papyrifer grows naturally in Formosa at elevations of about 600 - 1200 m. (2) Habitat: Hillsides in mixed forests and shrub thickets at elevations of 100-2800 m. Subtropical forests. (3) USDA hardiness zones: 6a-10b.

(1) Perdue, R.E., Jr., Kraebel, C.J., 1961. The Rice-Paper Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic Botany 15, 165-179. (2) http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Tetrapanax+papyrifer [Cited 2009 September 16]. (3) http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/53663/ [Cited 2009 September 16].

2.04

(1) Tetrapanax papyrifer grows as an escape in Florida. (2) Naturalized on Lord Howe Island, New South Wales.

(1) Perdue, R.E., Jr., Kraebel, C.J., 1961. The Rice-Paper Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic Botany 15, 165-179. (2) http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/97613/Rodd.pdf [Cited 2009 September 16].

2.05

(1) The rice-paper plant has been introduced into most tropical and subtropical areas, where it is planted as an ornamental.

(1) Perdue, R.E., Jr., Kraebel, C.J., 1961. The Rice-Paper Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic Botany 15, 165-179.

3.01

(1) Naturalized on Lord Howe Island, New South Wales.

(1) http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/97613/Rodd.pdf [Cited 2009 September 16].

3.02

No evidence of weediness and control

(1) http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/tetrapanax_papyriferus/ [Cited 2009 September 16].

3.03

No evidence of weediness and control

(1) http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/tetrapanax_papyriferus/ [Cited 2009 September 16].

3.04

No evidence of weediness and control

(1) http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/tetrapanax_papyriferus/ [Cited 2009 September 16].

3.05

(1) Tetrapanax papyrifer is the only known species in the genus. (2) Only species in this genus.

(1) http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=FQIIHEHu1EQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA9&dq=tetrapanax+papyrifer&ots=1sRUVik-P_&sig=cYAYvvJ8I_tyP-8aDKwwl2uwX_4#v=onepage&q=tetrapanax%20papyrifer&f=false [Cited 2009 September 16].

4.01

(1) No spines, thorns or burrs.

(1) Perdue, R.E., Jr., Kraebel, C.J., 1961. The Rice-Paper Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic Botany 15, 165-179.

4.02

Unknown

4.03

(1) Not parasitic.

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=132603 [Cited 2009 September 16].

4.04

Unknown

4.05

(1) No evidence of toxicity in PubMed. (2) No evidence of toxicity in Toxnet.

(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez [Cited 2009 September 16].(2) http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search [Cited 2009 September 16].

4.06

Unknown

4.07

(1)an Australian who is a guide at the wonderful gardens of the Villa Landriana, near Rome, writes that she has noted breathing difficulties, even in people who don't usually suffer from allergies, from contact with the stunning, tall-growing, rice-paper plant (Tetrapanax papyrifer). "I think it must be the powdery stuff on the underside of the leaves that causes this," she says. "Now I'm very careful when I pick up the fallen leaves or work near the plant. It has such an exotic look that I don't want to eliminate it from the garden, as one coughing friend suggested." (2)Causes contact dermatitis (3)Danger: Handling plant may cause skin irritation or allergic reaction Pollen may cause allergic reaction

(1)Pretty but poisonous. http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/pretty-but-poisonous/story-0-1111115208651 [Accessed 07 Jan 2010] (2)Giannattasio M, Pizzolongo P, Cristaudo A, et al. 1996. Contact dermatitis from Tetrapanax papyriferum trichomes. Contact Dermatitis 35(2):106-107. (3)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/53663/ [Accessed 07 Jan 2010]

4.08

Unknown

4.09

(1) Full sun to part shade. (2) Full sun to partial shade.

(1) http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Tetrapanax+papyrifer [Cited 2009 September 16]. (2) http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/53663/ [Cited 2009 September 16].

4.10

(1) Can grow on clay or gravelly soil but is more successful on loams containing a large quantity of organic matter. (2) Soil pH requirements: 6.6 to 7.5

(1) Perdue, R.E., Jr., Kraebel, C.J., 1961. The Rice-Paper Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic Botany 15, 165-179. (2) http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/53663/ [Cited 2009 September 16].

4.11

(1) Shrub

(1) Perdue, R.E., Jr., Kraebel, C.J., 1961. The Rice-Paper Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic Botany 15, 165-179.

4.12

(1)Thicket at Keanae, Maui. June 18, 2009.

(1)http://www.hear.org/starr/plants/images/image/?q=090618-1189 [Accessed 07 Jan 2010]

5.01

(1) Shrub

(1) Perdue, R.E., Jr., Kraebel, C.J., 1961. The Rice-Paper Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic Botany 15, 165-179.

5.02

(1) Araliaceae.

(1) Perdue, R.E., Jr., Kraebel, C.J., 1961. The Rice-Paper Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic Botany 15, 165-179.

5.03

(1) Not a nitrogen fixer.

(1) http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Nitrogen-fixation [Cited 2009 September 16].

5.04

(1) Shrub

(1) Perdue, R.E., Jr., Kraebel, C.J., 1961. The Rice-Paper Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic Botany 15, 165-179.

6.01

No evidence.

6.02

(1) The plants can be propagated by seed but the percent germination is low.

(1) Perdue, R.E., Jr., Kraebel, C.J., 1961. The Rice-Paper Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic Botany 15, 165-179.

6.03

(1) Tetrapanax papyrifer is the only known species in the genus. [no evidence of inter-generic hybridization]

(1) http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=FQIIHEHu1EQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA9&dq=tetrapanax+papyrifer&ots=1sRUVik-P_&sig=cYAYvvJ8I_tyP-8aDKwwl2uwX_4#v=onepage&q=tetrapanax%20papyrifer&f=false [Cited 2009 September 16].

6.04

Unknown

6.05

(1) All flowers are hermaphrodite and are pollinated by bees.

(1) http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Tetrapanax+papyrifer [Cited 2009 September 16].

6.06

(1) Tetrapanax papyrifer tends to sucker around the garden by underground stolons. New plants appear 3 m from the mother plant.

(1) http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=FQIIHEHu1EQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA9&dq=tetrapanax+papyrifer&ots=1sRUVik-P_&sig=cYAYvvJ8I_tyP-8aDKwwl2uwX_4#v=onepage&q=tetrapanax%20papyrifer&f=false [Cited 2009 September 16].

6.07

(1) Tetrapanax papyrifer is a fast growing plant. (2) A fast growing plant for the first few years then slowing after its first autumn flowering.

(1) http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=FQIIHEHu1EQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA9&dq=tetrapanax+papyrifer&ots=1sRUVik-P_&sig=cYAYvvJ8I_tyP-8aDKwwl2uwX_4#v=onepage&q=tetrapanax%20papyrifer&f=false [Cited 2009 September 16]. (2) http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=hOFvbqxfdAgC&oi=fnd&pg=PA9&dq=tetrapanax+papyrifer&ots=
8VY927j5px&sig=x_vfCnJPM9pzJqZNGBwvQrms9g8#v=onepage&q=tetrapanax%20papyrifer&f=false [Cited September 16].

7.01

No means of attachment. (1) Tetrapanax papyrifer has been cultivated for many years in Formosa and China. The fruit is baccate and drupaceous.

(1) Perdue, R.E., Jr., Kraebel, C.J., 1961. The Rice-Paper Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic Botany 15, 165-179.

7.02

(1) Tetrapanax papyrifer has been cultivated for many years in Formosa and China. It has been introduced into most tropical and subtropical areas, where it is planted as an ornamental.

(1) Perdue, R.E., Jr., Kraebel, C.J., 1961. The Rice-Paper Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic Botany 15, 165-179.

7.03

(1) Tetrapanax papyrifer is grown commercially to produce rice-paper. The plant is not grown within other produce products.

(1) Perdue, R.E., Jr., Kraebel, C.J., 1961. The Rice-Paper Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic Botany 15, 165-179.

7.04

No adaptation for wind dispersal. (1) The fruit is baccate and drupaceous.

(1) Perdue, R.E., Jr., Kraebel, C.J., 1961. The Rice-Paper Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic Botany 15, 165-179.

7.05

(1) The fruit is baccate and drupaceous.

(1) Perdue, R.E., Jr., Kraebel, C.J., 1961. The Rice-Paper Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic Botany 15, 165-179.

7.06

(1) The fruit is baccate and drupaceous.

(1) Perdue, R.E., Jr., Kraebel, C.J., 1961. The Rice-Paper Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic Botany 15, 165-179.

7.07

(1) The fruit is baccate and drupaceous.

7.08

(1) The fruit is baccate and drupaceous.

(1) Perdue, R.E., Jr., Kraebel, C.J., 1961. The Rice-Paper Plant: Tetrapanax Papyriferum (Hook.) Koch. Economic Botany 15, 165-179.

8.01

Unknown

8.02

(1) Seed does not store well, sow as soon as possible.

(1) http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/53663/ [Cited 2009 September 16].

8.03

Unknown

8.04

(1) Root disturbance can induce root suckering.

(1) http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=hOFvbqxfdAgC&oi=fnd&pg=PA9&dq=tetrapanax+papyrifer&ots=
8VY927j5px&sig=x_vfCnJPM9pzJqZNGBwvQrms9g8#v=onepage&q=tetrapanax%20papyrifer&f=false [Cited September 16].

8.05

Unknown