Tabebuia rosea risk assessment

Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)

Tabebuia rosea

RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTS: Evaluate, score: 3

Australian/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Hawai‘i.
Information on Risk Assessments
Original risk assessment

Tabebuia rosea (rosie trumpet tree, pink poui, roble) Synonyms - Tecoma rosea. - Misapplied as Tecoma pentaphylla. Family: Bignoneaceae		Answer	Score
1.01	Is the species highly domesticated?	n	0
1.02	Has the species become naturalized where grown?	y
1.03	Does the species have weedy races?	n
2.01	Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”	2
2.02	Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2	2
2.03	Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)	y	1
2.04	Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates	y	1
2.05	Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2	y
3.01	Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05	y	2
3.02	Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)	n	0
3.03	Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)	n	0
3.04	Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)	n	0
3.05	Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)	y	2
4.01	Produces spines, thorns or burrs	n	0
4.02	Allelopathic	n	0
4.03	Parasitic	n	0
4.04	Unpalatable to grazing animals
4.05	Toxic to animals	n	0
4.06	Host for recognized pests and pathogens	n	0
4.07	Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans	n	0
4.08	Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems	n	0
4.09	Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle	y	1
4.1	Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)	y	1
4.11	Climbing or smothering growth habit	n	0
4.12	Forms dense thickets	n	0
5.01	Aquatic	n	0
5.02	Grass	n	0
5.03	Nitrogen fixing woody plant	n	0
5.04	Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)	n	0
6.01	Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat	n	0
6.02	Produces viable seed.	y	1
6.03	Hybridizes naturally
6.04	Self-compatible or apomictic
6.05	Requires specialist pollinators	n	0
6.06	Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation	n	-1
6.07	Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1	4	-1
7.01	Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)	n	-1
7.02	Propagules dispersed intentionally by people	y	1
7.03	Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant	n	-1
7.04	Propagules adapted to wind dispersal	y	1
7.05	Propagules water dispersed	n	-1
7.06	Propagules bird dispersed	n	-1
7.07	Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)	n	-1
7.08	Propagules survive passage through the gut	n	-1
8.01	Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)	n	-1
8.02	Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)
8.03	Well controlled by herbicides
8.04	Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire	y	1
8.05	Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)
	Total score:		3

Supporting data:

	Notes	Reference
1.01	No evidence
1.02	"Uncommon as a planted ornamental tree in residential areas of Puerto Rico, becoming naturalized locally.A relativley new introduction to Puerto Rico and not listed by Britton and Wilson."	Little, E. L. and Wadsworth, F. H. Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Island. Volumes 1 and 2. U.S. Department of Agriculture. U.S.Governmet Printing Office. Washington D.C. Vol 2 page 904.
1.03	No evidence
2.01	"T. rosea originated in northern South America. It is presently widespread from southern Mexico, Central America and the Lesser Antilles, and as far south as Venezuela, Ecuador and northern Peru. ...T. rosea has been introduced in India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. It is also planted in Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, West Indies, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela."	CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global Module. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
2.02
2.03	T. rosea grows in a variety of habitats, it tends to dominate humid forest lowlands, gallery forest and seasonally flooded regions (INIA-OIMT, 1996). This species also occurs on dry tropical forest and montain regions, it is also found on abandoned farmland. Altitude range: 100 - 1900 m - Mean annual rainfall: 1200 - 2500 mm - Rainfall regime: summer; bimodal; uniform - Dry season duration: 0 - 3 months - Mean annual temperature: 19 - 27ºC - Mean maximum temperature of hottest month: 23 - 30ºC - Mean minimum temperature of coldest month: 17 - 22ºC	CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global Module. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
2.04	"T. rosea originated in northern South America. It is presently widespread from southern Mexico, Central America and the Lesser Antilles, and as far south as Venezuela, Ecuador and northern Peru. ...T. rosea has been introduced in India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. It is also planted in Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, West Indies, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela."	CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global Module. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
2.05	"T. rosea originated in northern South America. It is presently widespread from southern Mexico, Central America and the Lesser Antilles, and as far south as Venezuela, Ecuador and northern Peru. ...T. rosea has been introduced in India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. It is also planted in Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, West Indies, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela."	CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global Module. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
3.01	"Uncommon as a planted ornamental tree in residential areas of Puerto Rico, becoming naturalized locally.A relativley new introduction to Puerto Rico and not listed by Britton and Wilson."	Little, E. L. and Wadsworth, F. H. Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Island. Volumes 1 and 2. U.S. Department of Agriculture. U.S.Governmet Printing Office. Washington D.C. Vol 2 page 904.
3.02	No evidence
3.03	No evidence
3.04	No evidence
3.05	(1)Tabebuia heterophylla - "Invasive in Hawai‘i. Reported invasive on Diego Garcia and naturalizing on Kwajalein (Whistler and Steele, 1999). Naturalized in some locations on Nimitz Hill, Guam (Bart Lawrence, personal communication). Reported to be a problem species on Diego Garcia, Indian Ocean." (2)"General impacts of T. heterophylla: On the island Mauritius, Parnell et al. (1989) found that, "T. heterophylla was spreading rapidly on the island, with small numbers of mature trees present but abundant young plants and seedlings. It appears to grow faster than any native or exotic tree on the island. Most T. heterophylla bear leaves and branches almost to the base and cast a deep shade under which virtually no other species grow. T. heterophylla is deciduous and its thick litter layer may also prevent the growth of native seedlings. PIER (2004) states that, "T. heterophylla is invasive in Hawai‘i. It is also reported invasive on Diego Garcia and naturalizing on Kwajalein (Whistler and Steele, 1999). T. heterophylla is also naturalized in some locations on Nimitz Hill, Guam (Bart Lawrence, personal communication)." Zimmerman et al. (2000) state that, "T. heterophylla readily invades pasture via seed." In their study, Zimmerman et al. (2000) state that, "T. heterophylla appears to facilitate the colonization of many common forest species that are unable to establish in recently abandoned pasture." Weaver (1990) states that, "T. heterophylla regenerates and forms pure stands on grasslands and degraded soils, in particular on exposed upper slopes and ridges, where competition from faster growing, larger, and more tolerant trees is lacking." In the seedling and sapling stages, T. heterophylla is an aggressive pioneer (Weaver, 1990), and it can maintain viable populations in both dry and moist forest habitats (Cordero and Molano, 1996)."	(1)http://www.hear.org/Pier/species/tabebuia_heterophylla.htm (2)http://www.invasivespecies.net/database/species/ecology.asp?si=868&fr=1&sts=
4.01	No evidence of such traits.	CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global Module. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
4.02	No evidence
4.03	No evidence
4.04	Don’t know.
4.05	No evidence
4.06	The following species were listed to be associated with Tabebuia rosea: Prospodium bicolor fungus Hypsipyla grandella (mahogany shoot borer) insect Rhabdotalebra signata insect Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) nematode [No evidence of the above species to be economically importatant pests].	CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global Module. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
4.07	No evidence
4.08	(1)Tabebui species - The wood is used for furniture, decking, and other outdoor uses. Remarkably, it has a fire rating of A1 (the best possible, the same as concrete). Probably not - (2)A tall tree with roghh corky bark, frequent in periodically inundated forests or soils with moderate to low drainage. Also the species is not know to occur in groups or thickets that would carry a fire.	(1)http://www.answers.com/topic/tabebuia (2)http://www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.4640/file
4.09	T. rosea is a light-demanding species, however it may tolerate some shade in the first few years of growth.	CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global Module. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
4.10	T. rosea is well adapted to a range of soil types. It grows well on fertile and free draining soils, yet also tolerates occasional flooding, alluvial and acidic soils. It is preferable to sandy soil yet will also endure clay loams and poor soils	CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global Module. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
4.11	A large tree
4.12	No evidence
5.01	T. rosea is a medium to large tree attaining a height of 28-37 m with a d.b.h. of 50-100 cm.	CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global Module. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
5.02
5.03
5.04
6.01	Flowering occurs in January and February. Fruiting occurs from February to April.	http://www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.4640/file#search=%22Tabebuia%20rosea%20%22
6.02	Seeds behavior is orthodox and the percentage of germination varies from 75 to almost 100 percent.	http://www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.4640/file#search=%22Tabebuia%20rosea%20%22
6.03	Don’t know.
6.04	Don’t know.
6.05	The flowers are pollinated by bees	CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global Module. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
6.06	No evidence of vegetative spread in the wild.
6.07	once the tree is 4-years-old fruiting begins.	CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global Module. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
7.01	Probably not - no evidence that the propagules have any means of attachment.
7.02	T. rosea is a very important species in these regions, its timber is valuable and of good quality, it is excellent to work and has an attractive finish. It shows good performance in forestry plantation, and enrichment planting trials, and also has high potential to be used in afforestation and projects. This species is also used in agroforestry such as alley cropping, fencing, as a shade tree and an ornamental.	CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global Module. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
7.03	Probably not - winged seeds.	CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global Module. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
7.04	(1)One fruit contains between 240 and 300 seeds, winged. (2)Seeds are whitish, thin, with broad, hyaline-membraneaous wings; seed dispersal is anemochorous.	(1)CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global Module. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. (2)http://www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.4640/file#search=%22Tabebuia%20rosea%20%22
7.05	(1)One fruit contains between 240 and 300 seeds, winged. (2)Seeds are whitish, thin, with broad, hyaline-membraneaous wings; seed dispersal is anemochorous.	(1)CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global Module. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. (2)http://www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.4640/file#search=%22Tabebuia%20rosea%20%22
7.06	(1)One fruit contains between 240 and 300 seeds, winged. (2)Seeds are whitish, thin, with broad, hyaline-membraneaous wings; seed dispersal is anemochorous.	(1)CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global Module. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. (2)http://www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.4640/file#search=%22Tabebuia%20rosea%20%22
7.07	Probably not - no evidence that the propagules have any means of attachment.
7.08	Probably not - no evidence of ingestion by birds or ungulates.
8.01	Probably not - relatively big winged seeds - "The fruit is a cylindrical lineal capsule, 22-38 cm long, narrow at each end, rough surface, dehiscent, light green when young and dark green when mature. One fruit contains between 240 and 300 seeds, winged.	CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global Module. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
8.02	Seed is classified as orthodox, the seeds remain viable for 12-14 days if untreated, yet may be stored in dry and cool environment for 0-2 years. The seeds germinate within 2-3 weeks without any treatment. However, to improve and homogenize germination it is recommended to steep the seed in pure water for 12 hours [Dont know about seed viability under field conditions].	CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global Module. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
8.03	No evidence that the species is being controlled for.
8.04	(1)Prune after flowering if tree needs shaping. (2)Resistant to fire.	(1)http://www.backyardgardener.com/plantname/pda_6a9f.html (2)http://www.answers.com/topic/tabebuia
8.05	Don’t know.

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This page created 27 December 2006