Saritaea magnifica (Sprague) Dugand. Family - Bignoniaceae. Common Names(s) - Glow vine, Purple Bignonia. Synonym(s) - Arrabidaea magnifica Steenis, Bignonia magnifica Hort..

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

0

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

y

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

y

2

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

y

-1

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

1

Notes

Source

1.01

(1)No evidence.

(1)Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 51: 1-483.

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1)Distribution: Native to Colombia and Ecuador but cultivated throughout the tropics.

(1)Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 51: 1-483.

2.02

(1)Distribution: Native to Colombia and Ecuador but cultivated throughout the tropics.

(1)Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 51: 1-483.

2.03

(1)zones 10-11. (2)Hardiness: USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F) USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F) USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F)

(1)Llamas, K. A. 2003. Tropical Flowering Plants: A Guide to Identification and Cultivation. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. (2)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/55153/ [Accessed 17 Feb 2009]

2.04

(1)Distribution: Native to Colombia and Ecuador but cultivated throughout the tropics.

(1)Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 51: 1-483.

2.05

(1)Distribution: Native to Colombia and Ecuador but cultivated throughout the tropics. (2)cultivated for its showy cluster of flowers [South Africa]

(1)Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 51: 1-483. (2)Pienaar, K. 2003. The South African 'What Flower is That'? Struik Publishers, Cape Town. South Africa.

3.01

(1)Saritaea magnifica, known as glowvine, saritaea or purple bignonia is a garden escape that is a growing problem around the Cairns-Kuranda area. It is also proving difficult to control in some gardens around the Daintree area. One property owner there recently referred to it as “a mongrel of a thing” to try and remove...Glowvine has awoken from its “sleeper” weed phase around Kuranda with numerous infestations around the town and one near the Barron River weir now estimated to cover several hectares (Sid Clayton, pers. com., 24th August, 2006)...Editors note: The Queensland Herbarium has 12 records for Queensland (seven of these are cultivated plants). Three naturalised records for Cook, one naturalised record for South Kennedy and one naturalised records for Wide Bay. (2)This climbing species is a native of Colombia in S. America and is widely cultivated in the tropics and subtropics. In Thailand it is often cultivated in the open in the central and northern parts, but its fruits have not yet been recorded there. However, it is apparent that the plant has occasionally escaped into the wild, although the only collection so far was made by the Kyoto University Botanical Expedition Team which visited Thailand during the years 1965-1966; it is cited above. The specimen was found close to the mixed deciduous forest.

(1)Hucks, L. 2006. When good gardens go bad. Weed Spotters Newsletter 5. Spring 2006. Available from http://www.weedscrc.org.au/documents/weed_spotters_spring06_newsletter.pdf [Accessed 17 Feb 2009] (2)Santisuk, T. 1973. Notes on Asiatic Bignoniaceae. Kew Bulletin, Vol. 28, No. 2: 171-185

3.02

(1)No evidence (naturalized)

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/saritaea_magnifica/ [Accessed 18 Feb 2009]

3.03

(1)No evidence (naturalized)

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/saritaea_magnifica/ [Accessed 18 Feb 2009]

3.04

(1)No evidence (naturalized)

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/saritaea_magnifica/ [Accessed 18 Feb 2009]

3.05

(1)A monospecific genus native to Colombia and Ecuador, characterized by the following species.

(1)Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 51: 1-483.

4.01

(1)Liana that climbs by tendrils, 3-7 m in length. Stems cylindrical, lepidote, compressed at the nodes, interpetiolar zone not glandular; cross section of the mature stem normal. Leaves opposite, 2-foliolate, sometimes with a simple tendril, of short duration; leaflets 4.2-11.5 × 3.1- 6.4 cm, obovate, chartaceous, with the venation slightly prominent on both surfaces, the apex obtuse, the base cuneate or decurrent, the margins entire; upper surface dull, minutely lepidote; lower surface dull, sparsely lepidote, with domatia in the axils of the basal secondary veins; petioles and petiolules lepidote, the petioles 1.7-2.8 cm long, the petiolules 0.3-1.6 cm long; pseudostipules foliaceous, 0.6-4.2 cm long.

(1)Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 51: 1-483.

4.02

(1)No evidence in genus

(1)Kadereit, J. W. 2004. Flowering Plants, Dicotyledons: Lamiales (except Acanthaceae Including Avicenniaceae). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

4.03

(1)No evidence

(1)Woodson, Jr., R. E., R, W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

4.04

Unknown

4.05

(1)Appendix 2. Species of West Sumatran plants giving a negative test for alkaloids…Bignoniaceae. Arrabidaea magnifica…[no evidence, and tested negative for alkaloids] (2)No evidence of toxicity in genus

(1)Dayar Arbain, Jack R. Cannon, Afriastini, Kuswata Kartawinata, Rusjdi Djamal, Agusri Bustari, Abdi Dharma, Rosmawaty, Harrizul Rivai, Zaherman, Dasril Basir, Maizar Sjafar, Sjaiful, Refdinal Nawfa, Soleh Kosela. 1989. Survey of Some West Sumatran Plants for Alkaloids. Economic Botany 43(1): 73-78. (2)Kadereit, J. W. 2004. Flowering Plants, Dicotyledons: Lamiales (except Acanthaceae Including Avicenniaceae). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

4.06

(1)Bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas solanacearum (Smith 1896) Smith 1914) is a common disease of tomatoes in the northern coastal areas of the Northern Territory (N.T.). It occurs less commonly in a number of other hosts and in isolated localities as far as 350 km from the coast. The disease has been reported previously from the N.T. by Heaton and Benson (5), Aldrick (1) and Pitkethley (9). Host records from these reports and from unpublished records in the N.T. Department of Primary Production are collated in Table 1...Comparison with the host indexes of Kelman (7), and with other reports in the literature available, indicates that six of the fifteen species listed in Table 2 may be new host records for P. solanacearum. These are Saritaea magnifica which is apparently the first record from the family Bignoniaceae, Curcurbita moschata, C. pepo, Acacia difficilis, A. mountfordae, Canavalia gladiata and Solanum seaforthianum. [this species has a very broad host range including numberous families, and it is distributed throughout the tropcial world]

(1)Pitkethley, R. N. 1981. Host Range and Biotypes of Pseudomonas solanacearum in the Northern Territory. Australasian Plant Pathology 10(3): 46-47.

4.07

(1)No evidence (2)No evidence in genus

(1)Riffle, R. L. 1998. The Tropical LookL An Encyclopedia of Dramatic Landscape Plants. Timber Press, Portland, OR. (2)Kadereit, J. W. 2004. Flowering Plants, Dicotyledons: Lamiales (except Acanthaceae Including Avicenniaceae). Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

4.08

(1)No evidence.

(1)Woodson, Jr., R. E., R, W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

4.09

(1)Full sun. (2)Full sun is recommended along with a warm to hot growing temperature.

(1)Llamas, K. A. 2003. Tropical Flowering Plants: A Guide to Identification and Cultivation. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. (2)http://www.billmooreco.com/November%20Newsletter.pdf [Accessed 18 Feb 2009]

4.10

(1)Average well-drained soil (2)It thrives in most soils in full sun

(1)Riffle, R. L. 1998. The Tropical LookL An Encyclopedia of Dramatic Landscape Plants. Timber Press, Portland, OR. (2)Rauch, F. D. and P. R. Weissich. 2000. Plants for Tropical Landscapes: A Gardener's Guide. University of Hawaii Press. Honolulu, HI.

4.11

(1)Liana that climbs by tendrils, 3-7 m in length. (2)A climbing woody vine from Colombia, this species climbs to 60 feet.

(1)Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 51: 1-483. (2)Rauch, F. D. and P. R. Weissich. 2000. Plants for Tropical Landscapes: A Gardener's Guide. University of Hawaii Press. Honolulu, HI.

4.12

(1)Liana that climbs by tendrils, 3-7 m in length. (2)A climbing woody vine from Colombia, this species climbs to 60 feet.

(1)Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 51: 1-483. (2)Rauch, F. D. and P. R. Weissich. 2000. Plants for Tropical Landscapes: A Gardener's Guide. University of Hawaii Press. Honolulu, HI.

5.01

(1)Terrestrial

(1)Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 51: 1-483.

5.02

(1)Bignoniaceae

(1)Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 51: 1-483.

5.03

(1)Bignoniaceae

(1)Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 51: 1-483.

5.04

(1)Liana that climbs by tendrils, 3-7 m in length. (2)A climbing woody vine from Colombia, this species climbs to 60 feet.

(1)Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 51: 1-483. (2)Rauch, F. D. and P. R. Weissich. 2000. Plants for Tropical Landscapes: A Gardener's Guide. University of Hawaii Press. Honolulu, HI.

6.01

(1)Capsule linear, compressed; seeds thin, bialate, the wings hyaline-membranaceous [no evidence]

(1)Woodson, Jr., R. E., R, W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

6.02

(1)Capsule linear, compressed, coriaceous, brown, 20-25 × 1-1.2 cm; seeds numerous, oblong, 2-winged, the hyaline wings membranaceous. (2)Capsule linear, compressed; seeds thin, bialate, the wings hyaline-membranaceous. (3)Propagation by seed and cuttings. (4)It is not known to produce seed in the United States. [may be unable to produce seeds without pollinators]

(1)Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 51: 1-483. (2)Woodson, Jr., R. E., R, W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977. (3)Riffle, R. L. 1998. The Tropical LookL An Encyclopedia of Dramatic Landscape Plants. Timber Press, Portland, OR. (4)Llamas, K. A. 2003. Tropical Flowering Plants: A Guide to Identification and Cultivation. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.

6.03

(1)A monospecific genus native to Colombia and Ecuador.

(1)Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 51: 1-483.

6.04

(1)It is not known to produce seed in the United States [suggests plant is self-incompatible]

(1)Llamas, K. A. 2003. Tropical Flowering Plants: A Guide to Identification and Cultivation. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.

6.05

(1)When cultivated in Panama and Venezuela, the bignoniaceous vine, Saritaea magnifica is visited by the males of Euglossa aff. Cordata, which brush on the limb of the corolla but do not enter the flower or effect pollination. It may be that Saritaea is normally pollinated by another species of euglossine male in its native area (northern Colombia), and that Euglossa aff. cordata may be considered as an accessory visitor. It is equally possible, though, that it is an "accidental" visitor, and that no other euglossine male is attracted except in search of nectar. (2)Xylocopa latipes perforates flowers of Saritaea magnifica without pollinating plant. (3)Saritaea listed as a perfume flower for Euglossine bees [a specialized pollinator]

(1)Dressler, R. L. 1968. Pollination by Euglossine Bees. Evolution 22(1): 202-210. (2)Barrows, E. M. 1980. Robbing of Exotic Plants by Introduced Carpenter and Honey Bees in Hawaii, with Comparative Notes. Biotropica, Vol. 12, No. 1: 23-29. (3)Dressler, R. L. 1982. Biology of the Orchid Bees (Euglossini). Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Vol. 13: 373-394.

6.06

(1)It becomes problematic when gardens are not maintained or if garden waste is dumped in inappropriate places or if garden waste is dumped in inappropriate places...Saritaea magnifica encroaching on the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area near Kuranda through inappropriate dumping. Photo courtesy Gary Wilson. [can spread by vegetative fragments]

(1)Hucks, L. 2006. When good gardens go bad. Weed Spotters Newsletter 5. Spring 2006. Available from http://www.weedscrc.org.au/documents/weed_spotters_spring06_newsletter.pdf [Accessed 17 Feb 2009]

6.07

Unknown

7.01

(1)It becomes problematic when gardens are not maintained or if garden waste is dumped in inappropriate places or if garden waste is dumped in inappropriate places...Saritaea magnifica encroaching on the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area near Kuranda through inappropriate dumping. Photo courtesy Gary Wilson. [Photo]

(1)Hucks, L. 2006. When good gardens go bad. Weed Spotters Newsletter 5. Spring 2006. Available from http://www.weedscrc.org.au/documents/weed_spotters_spring06_newsletter.pdf [Accessed 17 Feb 2009]

7.02

(1)Cultivated as an ornamental vine and persistent in Puerto Rico; a native to Colombia, much cultivated throughout the tropics.

(1)Liogier, A. H., B. Alain and L. F. Martorell. 2000. Flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands. Editorial UPR, San Juan, Puerto Rico.

7.03

(1)No evidence, and plants rarely produce seeds in cultivation.

(1)Llamas, K. A. 2003. Tropical Flowering Plants: A Guide to Identification and Cultivation. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.

7.04

(1)Capsule linear, compressed, coriaceous, brown, 20-25 × 1-1.2 cm; seeds numerous, oblong, 2-winged, the hyaline wings membranaceous. (2)Capsule linear, compressed; seeds thin, bialate, the wings hyaline-membranaceous.

(1)Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 51: 1-483. (2)Woodson, Jr., R. E., R, W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

7.05

(1)Capsule linear, compressed, coriaceous, brown, 20-25 × 1-1.2 cm; seeds numerous, oblong, 2-winged, the hyaline wings membranaceous. (2)Capsule linear, compressed; seeds thin, bialate, the wings hyaline-membranaceous.

(1)Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 51: 1-483. (2)Woodson, Jr., R. E., R, W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

7.06

(1)Capsule linear, compressed, coriaceous, brown, 20-25 × 1-1.2 cm; seeds numerous, oblong, 2-winged, the hyaline wings membranaceous. (2)Capsule linear, compressed; seeds thin, bialate, the wings hyaline-membranaceous.

(1)Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 51: 1-483. (2)Woodson, Jr., R. E., R, W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

7.07

(1)Capsule linear, compressed, coriaceous, brown, 20-25 × 1-1.2 cm; seeds numerous, oblong, 2-winged, the hyaline wings membranaceous. (2)Capsule linear, compressed; seeds thin, bialate, the wings hyaline-membranaceous. [no means of external attachment]

(1)Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. 2005. Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 51: 1-483. (2)Woodson, Jr., R. E., R, W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

7.08

Unknown [No evidence of ingestion]

8.01

(1)It is not known to produce seed in the United States.

(1)Llamas, K. A. 2003. Tropical Flowering Plants: A Guide to Identification and Cultivation. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.

8.02

Unknown

8.03

Unknown

8.04

(1)may be kept as a bush by pruning, or it may be allowed to grow over a pergola, or into a tree.

(1)Holttum, R.E. and I. C. Enoch. 1992. Gardening in the Tropics. Timber Press. Portland, OR.

8.05

Unknown