Research directed by C. Daehler (UH Botany) with funding from the Kaulunani Urban Forestry Program and US Forest Service

Information on Risk Assessments
Original risk assessment

Rondeletia odorata Jacq. (Panama rose)

Answer

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=-1, n=-1

n

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

n

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2

?=-1, n=0

y

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

n

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

n

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

n

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

4.1

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

y

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

n

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

3

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

n

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

-4

Notes

Source

1.01

No evidence

1.02

No evidence

1.03

No evidence

2.01

(1)Origin: Cuba, Panama (2)Rondeletia odorata is a native plant in the natural environment and is thought to originate from Cuba and Mexico. (3)Collected on on limestone cliff at 300 m [native range]

(1)http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Rubiaceae/Rondeletia_odorata.html (2)http://www.crescentbloom.com/Plants/Specimen/RO/Rondeletia%20odorata.htm (3)http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast?ssdp=00519754

2.02

2.03

(1)USDA: 11-12 (2)Cuba: rocky shores by Habana

(1)http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Rubiaceae/Rondeletia_odorata.html (2)http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast

2.04

(1)Origin: Cuba, Panama (2)Rondeletia odorata is a native plant in the natural environment and is thought to originate from Cuba and Mexico.

(1)http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Rubiaceae/Rondeletia_odorata.html (2)http://www.crescentbloom.com/Plants/Specimen/RO/Rondeletia%20odorata.htm

2.05

(1) "widely if not commonly cultivated for its red and orange flowers."
(2) cultivated in Hawaii
(3) "Only seen cultivated in a few places in peninsular Thailand, and in Bangkok."
(4) plants for sale in Florida

(1) Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.398
(2) Rock, Joseph Francis Charles (1917) The ornamental trees of Hawaii / by Joseph F. Rock. Honolulu : [Honolulu Star-Bulletin Press], 1917. 210pp. p.199
(3) http://www.dnp.go.th/Botany/Bulletin/Bull31/PDF%20files/11.Non-indigenous%20Rubiaceae.pdf
(4) http://66.102.7.104/search?q=cache:xla6bm5w1KQJ:www.fairchildgarden.org/horticulture/membersday99-sale.html+Rondeletia+odorata+sale&hl=zh-TW

3.01

No evidence

3.02

No evidence

3.03

No evidence

3.04

No evidence

3.05

No evidence

4.01

No evidence os such structures.

4.02

No evidence

4.03

No evidence

4.04

Deer resistant no

http://www.crescentbloom.com/Plants/Specimen/RO/Rondeletia%20odorata.htm

4.05

No evidence

4.06

This site lists the following 2 fungi to be associated with R.odorata. Pestalotiopsis sp.: Barbados - 7284, Phyllosticta rondeletiae: Italy - 7983 [No evidence that these two species are recognized pests]

http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/all/FindRecOneFungusFrame.cfm

4.07

No evidence

4.08

(1) an evergreen shrub (2)Usually grown individually

(1)http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Rubiaceae/Rondeletia_odorata.html (2)Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.398

4.09

(1) Sun Exposure: Sun to part shade
(2) "Fertile, moist, but well drained soil in sunny places are prefered." (3) Light levels: 1500 - 2000 fc [for relative R. splendans] (4)light shade [Rondeletia leucophylla] [genus appears to have reasonable shade tolerance, but this species occurs along shorelines and rocky cliffs, suggesting open habitats]

(1) http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Rubiaceae/Rondeletia_odorata.html
(2) Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.398 (3) http://www.boomanfloral.com/lp_unusual.htm (4)http://www.palacioschamber.com/fallplantsale/plantdescriptions.htm

4.1

(1) "Fertile, moist, but well drained soil in sunny places are prefered."
(2) Moist soil, slightly acid (3)Limestone cliff (4)It will thrive in almost any well drained soil

(1) Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.398 (2) http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Rubiaceae/Rondeletia_odorata.html (3)http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast?ssdp=00519754 (4)Rauch, F.D. and Weissich, P.R. 2000.Plants for tropical landscapes. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.

4.11

No evidence - a shrub.

http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Rubiaceae/Rondeletia_odorata.html

4.12

No evidence

5.01

Life form Terrestrial

http://www.crescentbloom.com/Plants/Specimen/RO/Rondeletia%20odorata.htm

5.02

Growth Habits: Evergreen shrub, 6 to 10 feet tall (1.8-3 m)

http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Rubiaceae/Rondeletia_odorata.html

5.03

Rubiaceae

5.04

No evidence

6.01

No evidence

6.02

Propagation: Cuttings, seeds

http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Rubiaceae/Rondeletia_odorata.html

6.03

No evidence

6.04

No evidence

6.05

(1) "Flowers 5-merous; corollas red or red-orange, mostly with a distinct yellow-orange “eye”, tube ca. 1 cm long, lobes rounded, to ca. 5 mm long; anthers included; stigmas barely exserted from throat; ovary 2-locular. " (2)[based on photo, appears to be butterfly syndrome] (3)magnet for butterflies [Rondeletia leucophylla]

(1) http://www.dnp.go.th/Botany/Bulletin/Bull31/PDF%20files/11.Non-indigenous%20Rubiaceae.pdf (2)http://www.nybg.org/bsci/res/RONDELETIA.HTML (3)http://www.palacioschamber.com/fallplantsale/plantdescriptions.htm

6.06

Propagation: Cuttings, seeds [No evidence of vegetative spread in the wild]

http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Rubiaceae/Rondeletia_odorata.html

6.07

(1)subshrub [native habitat] (2)Difficult to grown [implies slow growth and/or low survival, minimum estimate for a small shrub with slow growth]

(1)http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast?ssdp=00519754 (2)Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.398

7.01

No evidence

7.02

an ornamental plant

http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Rubiaceae/Rondeletia_odorata.html

7.03

No products

7.04

"Fruits globose, ca. 4 mm in diam., capsular, splitting into 2 valves, releasing numerous very small, wingless seeds." [seeds very small so possibly wind or gravity but no wings]

http://www.dnp.go.th/Botany/Bulletin/Bull31/PDF%20files/11.Non-indigenous%20Rubiaceae.pdf

7.05

Cuba: rocky shores by Habana

http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast

7.06

"Fruits globose, ca. 4 mm in diam., capsular, splitting into 2 valves, releasing numerous very small, wingless seeds." [dry fruit]

http://www.dnp.go.th/Botany/Bulletin/Bull31/PDF%20files/11.Non-indigenous%20Rubiaceae.pdf

7.07

No means of attachment

7.08

"Fruits globose, ca. 4 mm in diam., capsular, splitting into 2 valves, releasing numerous very small, wingless seeds." [no indication of animal consumption]

http://www.dnp.go.th/Botany/Bulletin/Bull31/PDF%20files/11.Non-indigenous%20Rubiaceae.pdf

8.01

"Fruits globose, ca. 4 mm in diam., capsular, splitting into 2 valves, releasing numerous very small, wingless seeds." [small fruit containing numerous seeds]

http://www.dnp.go.th/Botany/Bulletin/Bull31/PDF%20files/11.Non-indigenous%20Rubiaceae.pdf

8.02

No evidence regarding seedbank.

8.03

No evidence that the species is being controlled for.

8.04

Difficult to grow

Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.398

8.05

Don’t know