Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)
Rondeletia amoena
RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTS: Low risk, score: -2
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Australian/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Hawai‘i. Information on Risk Assessments Original risk assessment |
| Rondeletia amoena (Rondeletia) - Rubiaceae | Answer | Score | |
| 1.01 | Is the species highly domesticated? | n | 0 |
| 1.02 | Has the species become naturalized where grown? | n | |
| 1.03 | Does the species have weedy races? | n | |
| 2.01 | Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical” | 2 | |
| 2.02 | Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2 | 2 | |
| 2.03 | Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) | n | 0 |
| 2.04 | Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates | y | 1 |
| 2.05 | Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2 | n | |
| 3.01 | Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05 | n | 0 |
| 3.02 | Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2) | n | 0 |
| 3.03 | Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2) | n | 0 |
| 3.04 | Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2) | n | 0 |
| 3.05 | Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2) | n | 0 |
| 4.01 | Produces spines, thorns or burrs | n | 0 |
| 4.02 | Allelopathic | n | 0 |
| 4.03 | Parasitic | n | 0 |
| 4.04 | Unpalatable to grazing animals | ||
| 4.05 | Toxic to animals | n | 0 |
| 4.06 | Host for recognized pests and pathogens | n | 0 |
| 4.07 | Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans | n | 0 |
| 4.08 | Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems | n | 0 |
| 4.09 | Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle | ||
| 4.1 | Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) | y | 1 |
| 4.11 | Climbing or smothering growth habit | n | 0 |
| 4.12 | Forms dense thickets | n | 0 |
| 5.01 | Aquatic | n | 0 |
| 5.02 | Grass | n | 0 |
| 5.03 | Nitrogen fixing woody plant | n | 0 |
| 5.04 | Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) | n | 0 |
| 6.01 | Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat | n | 0 |
| 6.02 | Produces viable seed. | ||
| 6.03 | Hybridizes naturally | ||
| 6.04 | Self-compatible or apomictic | ||
| 6.05 | Requires specialist pollinators | y | -1 |
| 6.06 | Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation | n | -1 |
| 6.07 | Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 | 3 | 0 |
| 7.01 | Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas) | n | -1 |
| 7.02 | Propagules dispersed intentionally by people | y | 1 |
| 7.03 | Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant | n | -1 |
| 7.04 | Propagules adapted to wind dispersal | y | 1 |
| 7.05 | Propagules water dispersed | n | -1 |
| 7.06 | Propagules bird dispersed | n | -1 |
| 7.07 | Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) | n | -1 |
| 7.08 | Propagules survive passage through the gut | n | -1 |
| 8.01 | Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) | y | 1 |
| 8.02 | Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) | ||
| 8.03 | Well controlled by herbicides | ||
| 8.04 | Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire | y | 1 |
| 8.05 | Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) | ||
| Total score: | -2 |
Supporting data:
|
Notes |
Reference |
|
|
1.01 |
No evidence |
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1.02 |
No evidence |
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1.03 |
No evidence |
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2.01 |
(1)Central American native (2)Distribution: S. Mexico to Colombia |
(1)http://www.burkesbackyard.com.au/2001/archives/2001_archives |
|
2.02 |
||
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2.03 |
Climate Zone - Zone10 Zone11 |
http://www.gardensonline.com.au/PlantSearch/PlantDetails.asp |
|
2.04 |
Central American native |
http://www.burkesbackyard.com.au/2001/archives/2001_archives/ |
|
2.05 |
(1)Rondeletias grow best in warm, frost-free areas of Australia. (2) Rondeletia amoena may also be cultivated in Hawaii; it differs from R. odorata in having white to pinkish flowers and less strongly puckered leaf blades without revolute margins. This na |
(1)http://www.burkesbackyard.com.au/2001/archives/2001_archives/ |
|
3.01 |
No evidence |
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3.02 |
No evidence |
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3.03 |
No evidence |
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3.04 |
No evidence |
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|
3.05 |
No evidence. 'Other Species In Genus - 125 - 150 other species but only 3 - 4 are generally cultivated.' |
http://www.gardensonline.com.au/PlantSearch/PlantDetails.asp |
|
4.01 |
No evidence of such structures. |
http://www.gardensonline.com.au/PlantSearch/PlantDetails.asp |
|
4.02 |
No evidence |
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4.03 |
No evidence |
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4.04 |
Don’t know |
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4.05 |
No evidence |
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4.06 |
Diseases/Remedies- Generally pest and disease free. [No evidence regarding associated pests or pathogens]. |
http://www.gardensonline.com.au/PlantSearch/PlantDetails.asp |
|
4.07 |
No evidence |
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4.08 |
Probably not - dense evergreen foliage. |
http://www.burkesbackyard.com.au/2001/archives/2001_archives |
|
4.09 |
Light - Full sun/Light shade |
http://www.gardensonline.com.au/PlantSearch/PlantDetails.asp |
|
4.1 |
(1)'They prefer a slightly acidic environment …' (2)They need adequate moisture during the warmer months, and slightly acid, well-drained soil. (3)Soil- Will adapt to most soil types but likes it well drained and slightly acid with some added humus. |
(1)http://www.echonews.com/926/gardening.html (2)http:// |
|
4.11 |
An evergreen shrub or small tree to around 3m (10') tall. |
http://www.burkesbackyard.com.au/2001/archives/2001_archives/ |
|
4.12 |
No evidence |
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|
5.01 |
||
|
5.02 |
An evergreen shrub or small tree to around 3m (10') tall. |
http://www.burkesbackyard.com.au/2001/archives/2001_archives/ |
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5.03 |
No evidence - probably not - not a legume. |
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5.04 |
||
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6.01 |
No evidence - flowering and fruiting plants collected form Costa Rica. |
http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast |
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6.02 |
Don’t know. |
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6.03 |
Don’t know. |
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6.04 |
Don’t know |
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6.05 |
(1) Certain plant families have evolved many different species and lineages specializing in hawkmoth pollination. The extremely large, mostly tropical family Rubiaceae contains hundreds of sweetly fragrant, long-tubular white flowers, including species of |
(1)http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/MEMBGNewsletter/ |
|
6.06 |
No evidence of spread by vegetative means. |
http://www.burkesbackyard.com.au/2001/archives/2001_archives/ |
|
6.07 |
An evergreen shrub or small tree to around 3m (10') tall - cultivated for its flowers - probably takes 2 to 3 years to flower. |
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7.01 |
No evidence that the species growns in heavily trafficked areas. |
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7.02 |
Probably yes - a horticultually desirable plant. |
http://www.burkesbackyard.com.au/2001/archives/2001_archives/ |
|
7.03 |
Probably not - no evidence that the speceis grows near fields with plants of economic importance. No evidence that the flowers and seeds are used in cut flower trade. |
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7.04 |
Genus characteristic - Fruit a globose capsule. Seeds numerous, minute, usually winged. |
Staples, W George and Derral H Herbst. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu. Hawaii. Page 497. |
|
7.05 |
Probably not - no evidence that the species grows near water bodies. |
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7.06 |
Genus characteristic - Winged seeds |
Staples, W George and Derral H Herbst. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu. Hawaii. Page 497. |
|
7.07 |
Probably not - Genus characteristic - Winged seeds |
Staples, W George and Derral H Herbst. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu. Hawaii. Page 497. |
|
7.08 |
Probably not - Genus characteristic - Winged seeds |
Staples, W George and Derral H Herbst. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu. Hawaii. Page 497. |
|
8.01 |
Genus characteristic - Fruit a globose capsule. Seeds numerous, minute, usually winged. |
Staples, W George and Derral H Herbst. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu. Hawaii. Page 497. |
|
8.02 |
No evidence regarding seed bank. |
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8.03 |
No evidence that the species is being controlled for. |
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8.04 |
(1)After flowering they can be pruned to maintain the desired size and shape. Take flowered shoots back to within a few nodes of the past year's growth. (2)Will sprout back even after all the branches are cutoff leaving no or very few leaves. |
(1)http://www.burkesbackyard.com.au/2001/archives/2001_archives/ |
|
8.05 |
Don’t know. |
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This page created 24 December 2006