Premna odorata Blanco Family - Verbenaceae. Common Names(s) - Alagau. Synonym(s) - Premna caranii, Premna oblongata var. puberula, Premna pubescens var. odorata, Premna serratiflolia, Premna vestita

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

n

0

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

y

1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

-1

Notes

Source

1.01

No evidence.

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1) Native: Asia-temperate: Taiwan. Asia-tropical: Philippines

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?29569 [Cited 2009 September 17].

2.02

(1) Native: Asia-temperate: Taiwan. Asia-tropical: Philippines

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?29569 [Cited 2009 September 17].

2.03

Unknown (1) Premna odorata is one of the keystone species in limestone forests below 1000 meters in the Philippines.

(1) ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/ae944e/ae944e02.pdf [Cited 2009 September 17].

2.04

(1) Native: Asia-temperate: Taiwan. Asia-tropical: Philippines

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?29569 [Cited 2009 September 17].

2.05

No evidence.

3.01

Unknown. (1) GRIN states that Premna odorata is naturalized outside its native range. I was not able to find any literature supporting the naturalization.

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?29569 [Cited 2009 September 17].

3.02

Unknown

(1) http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/premna_odorata/ [Cited 2009 September 17].

3.03

Unknown

(1) http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/premna_odorata/ [Cited 2009 September 17].

3.04

Unknown

(1) http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/premna_odorata/ [Cited 2009 September 17].

3.05

No evidence.

4.01

(1) Trees, small. Branchlets pubescent. Petioles 3-7 cm; leaf blade oblong to ovate, 10-12(-20) X 6-7 cm, base rounded to somewhat cordate, abaxially uniformly densely softly pubescent, margin entire or crenulate, apex acute, veins 6 pairs. Inflorescences 8-20 cm wide. CalyX 2-lipped, 5-lobed. Corolla greenish white to nearly white, 4-5 mm. Fruit dark purple, globose, ca. 4 mm in diam.

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200019400 [Cited 2009 September 17].

4.02

Unknown

4.03

(1) Not parasitic.

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200019400 [Cited 2009 September 17].

4.04

Unknown

4.05

(1) No evidence of toxicity in PubMed. (2) No evidence of toxicity in ToxNet.

(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez [Cited 2009 September 17] (2) http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search [Cited 2009 September 17].

4.06

Unknown

4.07

(1) "In the Philippines a decoction of the leaves with sugar and a little “calamansi” juices is taken as a drink, and it not only loosens phlegm but it also effective for coughs. A decoction of the fresh leaves is also prescribed for vaginal irritation. It may be given also in syrup form for coughs. “Kochol,” which is local patent preparation, is claimed to benefit tuberculosis. Father Alzina reports that the leaves, applied over the bladder, facilitate urination. Father de Sta. Maria states that masticating the roots and swallowing the saliva is prescribed for cardiac troubles. He adds that an infusion of the leaves is carminative and that a decoction of the shoot is used as a parasiticide. According to Guerrero a decoction of the roots, leaves, flowers, and fruit is used as a sudorific and pectoral, and is said to be carminative. The leaves, with coconut or sesame oil, are applied to the abdomens of the children to cure tympanites. The leaves are boiled in water, the water being used for bathing babies, and also as a treatment for beriberi. In the latter case the boiled leaves are applied to the affected part of the patient’s body. The plant is used as a headache cure. It may be added that alagau has become a popular drug."

(1) http://www.bpi.da.gov.ph/Publications/mp/pdf/a/alagau.pdf [Cited 2009 September 17].

4.08

Unknown

4.09

Unknown

4.10

(1) Premna odorata is one of the keystone species in limestone forests below 1000 meters in the Philippines.

(1) ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/ae944e/ae944e02.pdf [Cited 2009 September 17].

4.11

(1) Trees, small. Branchlets pubescent. Petioles 3-7 cm; leaf blade oblong to ovate, 10-12(-20) X 6-7 cm, base rounded to somewhat cordate, abaxially uniformly densely softly pubescent, margin entire or crenulate, apex acute, veins 6 pairs. Inflorescences 8-20 cm wide. CalyX 2-lipped, 5-lobed. Corolla greenish white to nearly white, 4-5 mm. Fruit dark purple, globose, ca. 4 mm in diam.

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200019400 [Cited 2009 September 17].

4.12

Unknown

5.01

(1) Trees, small. Branchlets pubescent. Petioles 3-7 cm; leaf blade oblong to ovate, 10-12(-20) X 6-7 cm, base rounded to somewhat cordate, abaxially uniformly densely softly pubescent, margin entire or crenulate, apex acute, veins 6 pairs. Inflorescences 8-20 cm wide. CalyX 2-lipped, 5-lobed. Corolla greenish white to nearly white, 4-5 mm. Fruit dark purple, globose, ca. 4 mm in diam.

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200019400 [Cited 2009 September 17].

5.02

(1) Trees, small. Branchlets pubescent. Petioles 3-7 cm; leaf blade oblong to ovate, 10-12(-20) X 6-7 cm, base rounded to somewhat cordate, abaxially uniformly densely softly pubescent, margin entire or crenulate, apex acute, veins 6 pairs. Inflorescences 8-20 cm wide. CalyX 2-lipped, 5-lobed. Corolla greenish white to nearly white, 4-5 mm. Fruit dark purple, globose, ca. 4 mm in diam.

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200019400 [Cited 2009 September 17].

5.03

(1) Verbenaceae.

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200019400 [Cited 2009 September 17].

5.04

(1) Trees, small. Branchlets pubescent. Petioles 3-7 cm; leaf blade oblong to ovate, 10-12(-20) X 6-7 cm, base rounded to somewhat cordate, abaxially uniformly densely softly pubescent, margin entire or crenulate, apex acute, veins 6 pairs. Inflorescences 8-20 cm wide. CalyX 2-lipped, 5-lobed. Corolla greenish white to nearly white, 4-5 mm. Fruit dark purple, globose, ca. 4 mm in diam.

(1) http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200019400 [Cited 2009 September 17].

6.01

No evidence.

6.02

(1) Premna odorata is one of the keystone species in limestone forests below 1000 meters in the Philippines.

(1) ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/ae944e/ae944e02.pdf [Cited 2009 September 17].

6.03

Unknown

6.04

Unknown

6.05

(1)Table 2...Premna tomentosa Willd. Pollinated by the bee species Apis cerana [a related species with similar floral structure] (2)Premna latifolia pollinated by social wasps [a related species with similar floral structure] (3)Premna resinosa pollinated by bees. [a related species with similar floral structure]

(1)Thomas, S. G., S. M. Rehel, A. Varghese, P. Davidar and S. G. Potts. 2009. Social bees and food plant associations in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India. Tropical Ecology 50(1): 79-88. (2)Veeresh, G. K., B. Mallik, and C. A. Viraktamath (eds.). 1990. Social insects and the environment: proceedings of the 11th International Congress of IUSSI, 1990 (International Union for the Study of Social Insects). E.J. Brill Publishing Co., Leiden, The Netherlands. (3)Wigrup, I. 2005. The Role of Indigenous Knowledge in Forest Management A Case Study from Masol and Sook Division, West Pokot, Kenya. Graduate thesis, Department of Silviculture, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden.

6.06

Unknown

6.07

Unknown

7.01

Unlikely, no means of attachment. (1) The fruit is fleshy, dark purple, rounded and about 5 millimeters in diameters.

(1) http://www.bpi.da.gov.ph/Publications/mp/pdf/a/alagau.pdf [Cited 2009 September 17].

7.02

No evidence of intentional dispersal. However, (1) Premna odorata is a popular medicinal in its native range. Possibly gathered from the wild.

(1) http://www.bpi.da.gov.ph/Publications/mp/pdf/a/alagau.pdf [Cited 2009 September 17].

7.03

No evidence of Premna growing in agricultural situation

7.04

(1) The fruit is fleshy, dark purple, rounded and about 5 millimeters in diameters.

(1) http://www.bpi.da.gov.ph/Publications/mp/pdf/a/alagau.pdf [Cited 2009 September 17].

7.05

(1) The fruit is fleshy, dark purple, rounded and about 5 millimeters in diameters.

(1) http://www.bpi.da.gov.ph/Publications/mp/pdf/a/alagau.pdf [Cited 2009 September 17].

7.06

(1) The fruit is fleshy, dark purple, rounded and about 5 millimeters in diameters.

(1) http://www.bpi.da.gov.ph/Publications/mp/pdf/a/alagau.pdf [Cited 2009 September 17].

7.07

No external means of attachment. (1) The fruit is fleshy, dark purple, rounded and about 5 millimeters in diameters.

(1) http://www.bpi.da.gov.ph/Publications/mp/pdf/a/alagau.pdf [Cited 2009 September 17].

7.08

(1) The fruit is fleshy, dark purple, rounded and about 5 millimeters in diameters.

(1) http://www.bpi.da.gov.ph/Publications/mp/pdf/a/alagau.pdf [Cited 2009 September 17].

8.01

Unknown

8.02

Unknown

8.03

Unknown

8.04

Unknown

8.05

Unknown