Research directed by C. Daehler (UH Botany) with funding from the Kaulunani Urban Forestry Program and US Forest Service

Information on Risk Assessments
Original risk assessment

Petrea volubilis; sandpaper vine, queen's wreath

Answer

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=-1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

n

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2

?=-1, n=0

y

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

n

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

4.1

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

y

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

y

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

y

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

n

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

-1

Source

Notes

1.01

no evidence

1.02

Wunderlin, R. P. 1998, Guide to the vascular plants of Florida. Gainesville, University Press of Florida.

rare escape from cultivation, disturbed sites [no listed in Long and Lakela, A flora of tropical Florida]

1.03

no evidence

2.01

USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: http://www.ars-grin.gov/var/apache/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?312891 (30 June 2002)

Distributional range:
Native:
Northern America: Mexico
Southern America: Belize; Costa Rica; Cuba; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama
Other: widely cult. & naturalized in tropics

2.02

2.03

(1) Dehgan, B. (1998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical Climates. University Press of Florida., Gainesville, FL. 638pp. p.580 (2)http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?region_id=2&plant_id=1221&page= (3)http://www.californiagardens.com/Plant_Pages/petrea_volubilis.htm (4)http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast

(1) Hardiness Zone: Zones 10-11; can be grown in south Florida only. (2)Winter Hardiness: 25-30° F (3)It is hardy into the high 30's but not much colder. (4) Specimens < 1000 m elevation

2.04

USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: http://www.ars-grin.gov/var/apache/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?312891 (30 June 2002)

Distributional range:
Native:
Northern America: Mexico
Southern America: Belize; Costa Rica; Cuba; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama
Other: widely cult. & naturalized in tropics

2.05

(1)USDA, NRCS. 2001. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.1 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. (2)http://www.californiagardens.com/Plant_Pages/petrea_volubilis.htm (3)http://www.gardens.co.nz/plantoftheweek/PetreaVol.htm

(1)Introduced in USA: Florida, Hawaii, Puerto Rico (2)California (3)New Zealand

3.01

Wunderlin, R. P. 1998, Guide to the vascular plants of Florida. Gainesville, University Press of Florida.

rare escape from cultivation, disturbed sites [no listed in Long and Lakela, A flora of tropical Florida]

3.02

no evidence

3.03

no evidence

3.04

http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/shrubs/PETVOLA.PDF

Invasive potential: not known to be invasive

3.05

no evidence

4.01

Dehgan, B. (1998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical Climates. University Press of Florida., Gainesville, FL. 638pp. p.580

no description of these traits

4.02

no evidence

4.03

no evidence

4.04

no evidence

4.05

no evidence

4.06

no evidence

4.07

no evidence

4.08

possibly, a scraggly vine with tough, dryish leaves

4.09

(1)Dehgan, B. (1998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical Climates. University Press of Florida., Gainesville, FL. 638pp. p.580 (2)http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/BODY_MG097.html (3)http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?region_id=2&plant_id=1221&page= (4)http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/shrubs/PETVOLA.PDF

(1)"Culture: full sun " (2)Sun/Shade (3)Full sun (4)Preferring full sun but tolerating light shade,

4.1

(1)Dehgan, B. (1998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical Climates. University Press of Florida., Gainesville, FL. 638pp. p.580 (2)http://www.gardens.co.nz/plantoftheweek/PetreaVol.htm (3)http://www.fm.asu.edu/plantlist/queenwreath.htm (4)http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/shrubs/PETVOLA.PDF

(1)"Culture:in any reasonably good soil." (2)deep, free-draining soil that has been enriched with organic material - lime-free and low pH. (3)Mulch and use fertilizer for acid plants if your soil is alkaline (4)Soil tolerances: alkaline; clay; sand; acidic; occasionally wet; loam

4.11

Dehgan, B. (1998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical Climates. University Press of Florida., Gainesville, FL. 638pp. p.580

woody vine

4.12

no evidence

5.01

terrestrial

5.02

woody vine; Verbenaceae (Lamiaceae)

5.03

no evidence

5.04

woody vine

6.01

no evidence

6.02

Vine seeds Selection. A webpage of Ani Direct Seeds. Available at <http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/anico/vine.htm>

Seeds are being sold via mailorder.

6.03

no evidence

6.04

no evidence

6.05

Verbencaeae with open flowers

6.06

Dehgan, B. (1998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical Climates. University Press of Florida., Gainesville, FL. 638pp. p.580

"Propagation: cuttings, air layers or division of root suckers"

6.07

no evidence

7.01

no evidence

7.02

Vine seeds Selection. A webpage of Ani Direct Seeds. Available at <http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/anico/vine.htm>

Seeds are being sold via mailorder.

7.03

no evidence

7.04

Dehgan, B. (1998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical Climates. University Press of Florida., Gainesville, FL. 638pp. p.580

"Fruit: Drupe; enclosed by the persistent withered calyces."

7.05

no evidence

7.06

no evidence

7.07

no evidence

7.08

no evidence

8.01

Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.355

"Fruit an obovoid drupe, infrequently formed in cultivation."

8.02

no evidence

8.03

no evidence

8.04

Dehgan, B. (1998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical Climates. University Press of Florida., Gainesville, FL. 638pp. p.580

"Propagation: cuttings, air layers or division of root suckers"

8.05

no evidence