Mussaenda 'Dona Trining' Family - Rubiaceae. Common Names(s) - Mussaenda 'Dona Trining'. Synonym(s) - NA.

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y= 1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

0

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

?

-1

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

0

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

2

0

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

y

1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

y

1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

-1

Notes

Source

1.01

(1)A cultivar from tropical West Africa that grows to 15' high. [limited information, but no evidence that domestication has significantly altered 'Dona Trining' from the parent species M. erythrophylla]

(1)Rauch, F.D./Weissich, P.R. 2000. Plants for tropical landscapes: a gardener's guide. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, HI.

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1)A cultivar from tropical West Africa that grows to 15' high.

(1)Rauch, F.D./Weissich, P.R. 2000. Plants for tropical landscapes: a gardener's guide. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, HI.

2.02

(1)A cultivar from tropical West Africa that grows to 15' high.

(1)Rauch, F.D./Weissich, P.R. 2000. Plants for tropical landscapes: a gardener's guide. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, HI.

2.03

(1)Hardiness: USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F)

(1)Dave's Garden. 2010. PlantFiles: Mussaenda 'Dona Trining'. https://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/189197/ [Accessed 20 July 2010]

2.04

(1)A cultivar from tropical West Africa that grows to 15' high.

(1)Rauch, F.D./Weissich, P.R. 2000. Plants for tropical landscapes: a gardener's guide. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, HI.

2.05

(1)Mentioned in several ornamental plant books, but unknown how widely 'Dona Trining' is planted

(1)WRA Specialist. 2010. Personal communication.

3.01

(1)No evidence of naturalization

(1)Randall, R. 2007. Global Compendium of Weeds. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ [Accessed 19 Jul 2010]

3.02

(1)No evidence

(1)Randall, R. 2007. Global Compendium of Weeds. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ [Accessed 19 Jul 2010]

3.03

(1)No evidence

(1)Randall, R. 2007. Global Compendium of Weeds. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ [Accessed 19 Jul 2010]

3.04

(1)No evidence

(1)Randall, R. 2007. Global Compendium of Weeds. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ [Accessed 19 Jul 2010]

3.05

(1)Mussaenda cambodiana, Mussaenda flava, Mussaenda frondosa all listed as weeds, but no evidence or description of impacts found in literature.

(1)Randall, R. 2007. Global Compendium of Weeds. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ [Accessed 19 Jul 2010]

4.01

No thorns

(1)Staples, G.W./Herbst, D. R. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Planst Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu, HI.

4.02

(1)No evidence

(1)WRA Specialist. 2010. Personal communication.

4.03

(1)No evidence

(1)WRA Specialist. 2010. Personal communication.

4.04

(1)Unknown

(1)WRA Specialist. 2010. Personal communication.

4.05

(1)No evidence of toxicity in genus

(1)Staples, G.W./Herbst, D. R. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Planst Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu, HI.

4.06

(1)Usually not infested with pests. [refers to M. erythrophylla, from which 'Dona Trining' is derived] (2)This site does not list any associated fungal pathogens [refers to M. erythrophylla, from which 'Dona Trining' is derived]

(1)Horticopia (2)http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/all/FindRecOneFungusFrame.cfm

4.07

(1)No evidence of toxicity in genus

(1)Staples, G.W./Herbst, D. R. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Planst Cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu, HI.

4.08

Evergreen, moderately flammable [refers to M. erythrophylla, from which 'Dona Trining' is derived]

Horticopia

4.09

(1)Sun Exposure: Full Sun

(1)Dave's Garden. 2010. PlantFiles: Mussaenda 'Dona Trining'. https://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/189197/ [Accessed 20 July 2010]

4.10

(1)Loamy, sandy, clay, acidic, neutral, slightly alkaline, somewhat drought tolerant [refers to M. erythrophylla, from which 'Dona Trining' is derived]

Horticopia

4.11

(1)A cultivar from tropical West Africa that grows to 15' high.

(1)Rauch, F.D./Weissich, P.R. 2000. Plants for tropical landscapes: a gardener's guide. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, HI.

4.12

(1)No evidence

(1)WRA Specialist. 2010. Personal communication.

5.01

Terrestrial

(1)Rauch, F.D./Weissich, P.R. 2000. Plants for tropical landscapes: a gardener's guide. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, HI.

5.02

(1)Rubiaceae

(1)Rauch, F.D./Weissich, P.R. 2000. Plants for tropical landscapes: a gardener's guide. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, HI.

5.03

(1)Rubiaceae

(1)Rauch, F.D./Weissich, P.R. 2000. Plants for tropical landscapes: a gardener's guide. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, HI.

5.04

(1)Rubiaceae [not a geophyte]

(1)Rauch, F.D./Weissich, P.R. 2000. Plants for tropical landscapes: a gardener's guide. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, HI.

6.01

(1)A cultivar from tropical West Africa that grows to 15' high.

(1)Rauch, F.D./Weissich, P.R. 2000. Plants for tropical landscapes: a gardener's guide. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, HI.

6.02

(1)"Seeds, which are rarely available, germinate readily at a soil temperature of 66 - 75°F." [refers to M. erythrophylla, from which 'Dona Trining' is derived; without other evidence, assume that 'Dona 'Trining' also produces seeds]

(1)http://miami-dade.ifas.ufl.edu/programs/commorn/publications/Mussaendas%20for%20South%20Florida%20Landscapes.pdf

6.03

(1)Meiotic studies of 4 spp. and 3 hybrid varieties of Mussaenda [M. flava, M. galbrata, M. erythrophylla, M. philippica var. Aurorae] were made. The chromosome number was n = 11 in all the cases. Meiosis was normal in the 4 spp. The hybrids examined showed various abnormalities and high pollen sterility. Two species, M. galbrata and M. flava showed exceptional pollen development in which the vegetative nucleus breaks up and the nuclear fragments are included in pollen buds which are subsequently shed from the pollen. [No evidence of natural hybrids]

(1)Priyadarshan, P.M./Ramachandran, K.T.I.1984. Cytology and exceptional pollen development in Mussaenda. Cytologia 49(2): 407-414.

6.04

(1)Unknown

(1)WRA Specialist. 2010. Personal communication.

6.05

(1)"a Mussaenda species with red calyx-lobs (M. erythrophylla) attracts butterflies."

(1)Naiki, A./Kato, M. 1999. Pollination system and evolution of dioecy from distyly in Mussaenda parviflora (Rubiaceae). Plant Species Biology 14(3): 217-227

6.06

(1)No evidence

(1)Rauch, F.D./Weissich, P.R. 2000. Plants for tropical landscapes: a gardener's guide. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, HI.

6.07

(1)"Plants flower within two yrs. In commercial production, rooted cuttings of Mussaenda erythrophylla can be forced into flower within 6 months." [refers to M. erythrophylla, from which 'Dona Trining' is derived]

(1)http://miami-dade.ifas.ufl.edu/programs/commorn/publications/Mussaendas%20for%20South%20Florida%20Landscapes.pdf

7.01

No evidence

(1)WRA Specialist. 2010. Personal communication.

7.02

(1)A cultivar from tropical West Africa that grows to 15' high. [ornamental uses]

(1)Rauch, F.D./Weissich, P.R. 2000. Plants for tropical landscapes: a gardener's guide. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, HI.

7.03

(1)Not grown with produce

(1)WRA Specialist. 2010. Personal communication.

7.04

(1)No evidence of adaptive structures for wind dispersal

(1)WRA Specialist. 2010. Personal communication.

7.05

(1)No evidence that the species inhabits waterways.

(1)WRA Specialist. 2010. Personal communication.

7.06

(1)Genus characteristic - The fruit is a small (to 3/4”), fleshy, somewhat elongated berry containing many seeds.

(1)http://216.239.57.104/search?q=cache:A-gO6S8Ys9UJ:miami dade.ifas.ufl.edu/programs/commorn/publications/Mussaendas%
2520for%2520South%2520Florida%2520Landscapes.pdf+Mussaenda+philippica+soil&hl=e

7.07

(1)No evidence that propagules have any means of attachment

(1)WRA Specialist. 2010. Personal communication.

7.08

(1)Genus characteristic - The fruit is a small (to 3/4”), fleshy, somewhat elongated berry containing many seeds. [bird dispersal syndrome]

(1)http://216.239.57.104/search?q=cache:A-gO6S8Ys9UJ:miami-dade.ifas.ufl.edu/programs/commorn/publications/Mussaendas%2520for%
2520South%2520Florida%2520Landscapes.pdf+Mussaenda+philippica+soil&hl=e

8.01

(1)Genus characteristic - The fruit is a small (to 3/4”), fleshy, somewhat elongated berry containing many seeds. [unknown if 'Dona Trining' produces abundant seeds]

(1)http://216.239.57.104/search?q=cache:A-gO6S8Ys9UJ:miami-dade.ifas.ufl.edu/programs/commorn/publications/Mussaendas%2520for%
2520South%2520Florida%2520Landscapes.pdf+Mussaenda+philippica+soil&hl=en

8.02

(1)"Seeds, which are rarely available, germinate readily at a soil temperature of 66 - 75°F." [refers to M. erythrophylla, from which 'Dona Trining' is derived]

(1)http://miami-dade.ifas.ufl.edu/programs/commorn/publications/Mussaendas%20for%20South%20Florida%20Landscapes.pdf

8.03

(1)No evidence that the species is being controlled

(1)WRA Specialist. 2010. Personal communication.

8.04

(1)Frost Tolerance: Occasionally dies to the ground, but grows back in the spring [refers to M. erythrophylla, from which 'Dona Trining' is derived]

(1)http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Rubiaceae/Mussaenda_erythrophylla.html

8.05

(1)Unknown

(1)WRA Specialist. 2010. Personal communication.