Melaleuca styphelioides Sm. Family - Myrtaceae . Common Names(s) - (prickly-leaf teatree). Synonym(s) - .

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

0

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

y

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

-2

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

y

2

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

-2

Notes

Source

1.01

No evidence of domestication

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1) Native to Australia - New South Wales - Queensland

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?23830#common [cited 2008 Sep 30]

2.02

2.03

(1) USDA Hardiness Zones : 9a - 11

(1) http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/59552/

2.04

(1) Native to Australia - New South Wales - Queensland

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?23830#common [cited 2008 Sep 30]

2.05

(1) Cultivated in Zambia. (2) Available from Heyne's Garden Center. (3) Available from nativegrowth.com

(1) http://www.aluka.org/action/showCompilationPage?doi=10.5555/AL.AP.COMPILATION.PLANT-NAME-SPECIES.MELALEUCA.STYPHELIOIDES&tab=flora [cited 2008 Sep 30]. (2) http://www.heyne.com.au/gardencentre/plantlists/plantlist_range_cat.php?search=AustShrubsTrees&ProductType2=AustralianNatives (3) http://nativegrowth.com.au/New_Shop/index.php?main_page=advanced_search_result&keyword=melaleuca&sort=20a&page=3 [cited 2008 Sep 29]

3.01

No evidence

3.02

Don't know, but has invasive roots.

(1) http://www.sunsmart.com.au/downloads/local_government/shade_for_everyone.pdf

3.03

Potential for planted trees to compete with rare or endangered species (1)Somewhat more of a perplexing problem I've come across are creekline species from western Sydney/Cumberland Plain, such as Callistemon salignus, Melaleuca styphelioides, and Casuarina glauca coming up in sandstone woodland from adjacent plantings, in areas where they've never been recorded, especially after fire. In one reserve next to an oval in Wahroonga we removed several hundred M. styphelioides amongst a population of endangered Darwinia biflora following a burn. In that case the parent trees had been planted in a row along the edge of the oval some 15-20 years previously.

(1)http://weedscrc.org.au/main/enviroweeds_archives_weedlit.html

3.04

Don't know

3.05

(1) Melaleuca quinquenervia is a notorious invasive weed that threatens the biological integrity of Florida's Everglades ecosystems. (2) Cited on Pier.org to be invasive in Hawaii, Micronesia, and Palau.

(1) Dray, F.A. Jr., B.C. Bradley, T.D. Center. 2006. Invasion history of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake in Florida. Castanea Vol 71 (3):210-225. (2) http://www.hear.org/Pier/species/melaleuca_quinquenervia.htm

4.01

(1) No evidence of spines, thorns or burrs.

(1) Bodkin, F. 1986. The Encyclopaedia Botanica. The Essential Guide to Native and Exotic Plants in Australia, Angus & Robertson Publishers. Australia

4.02

Don’t know

4.03

(1) not listed as a parasitic plant in database

(1) http://www.omnisterra.com/bot/pp_home.cgi

4.04

Unknown

4.05

No evidence of toxicity to animals.

4.06

No evidence

(1) http://fppd.cbio.psu.edu/ [Cited 2008 Oct 2]. (2) http://pnwfungi.wsu.edu/programs/searchHostPerspective.asp [Cited 2008 Oct 2].

4.07

No evidence in primary literature, Toxnet or Pubmed.

(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez (2) http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/

4.08

Don't know

4.09

(1) Full sun

(1) http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/59552/ [cited 2008 Sep 30]

4.10

(1) Tolerates light medium, moist soils.

(1) Bodkin, F. 1986. The Encyclopaedia Botanica. The Essential Guide to Native and Exotic Plants in Australia, Angus & Robertson Publishers. Australia

4.11

(1) Tree

(1) Staples, G.W. and D.R. Herbst. c2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu, HI 908 p.

4.12

No evidence

(1) Staples, G.W. and D.R. Herbst. c2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu, HI 908 p.

5.01

(1) Tree

(1) Staples, G.W. and D.R. Herbst. c2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu, HI 908 p.

5.02

(1) Myrtaceae

(1) http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=MEST11 [cited 2008 Sep 30]

5.03

(1) The genus Melaleuca does not fix nitrogen.

(1) http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Nitrogen-fixation

5.04

(1) Tree

(1) Staples, G.W. and D.R. Herbst. c2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu, HI 908 p.

6.01

No evidence of reproductive failure.

6.02

(1) M. styphelioides has viable seed. stypheloides was planted for reforestation in Hawaii and is sometimes cultivated as a shade tree.

(1) Bodkin, F. 1986. The Encyclopaedia Botanica. The Essential Guide to Native and Exotic Plants in Australia, Angus & Robertson Publishers. Australia

6.03

Don't know

6.04

Don't know

6.05

(1) Melaleucas have hermaphrodite flwers and are pollinated mainly by insects but also small mammals and birds.

(1) CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

6.06

(1) No evidence

(1) Staples, G.W. and D.R. Herbst. c2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu, HI 908 p.

6.07

Don't know

7.01

(1) No evidence of adaptation for attachment.

(1) Bodkin, F. 1986. The Encyclopaedia Botanica. The Essential Guide to Native and Exotic Plants in Australia, Angus & Robertson Publishers. Australia

7.02

(1) M. stypheloides was planted for reforestation in Hawaii and is sometimes cultivated as a shade tree.

(1) Staples, G.W. and D.R. Herbst. c2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu, HI 908 p.

7.03

Not likely to be dispersed as a produce contaminant. Not used in the floral industry.

7.04

(1) Wind is the only important agent of seed dispersal in Melaleucas.

(1) Bodkin, F. 1986. The Encyclopaedia Botanica. The Essential Guide to Native and Exotic Plants in Australia, Angus & Robertson Publishers. Australia

7.05

(1)Swampy areas to the south of the lake support broad leaved paperbark (MELALEUCA QUINQUENERVIA), prickly leaved paperbark (MELALEUCA STYPHELIOIDES) and swamp oak (CASUARINA GLAUCA). (2)The composition of Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest is primarily determined by the frequency and duration of waterlogging and the level of salinity in the groundwater. Composition also varies with latitude. The community is characterised by the following assemblage of species [list includes M. styphelioides]

(1)http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=18459. (2)Kevin Mills & Associates. 2005. OVERVIEW OF THE FLORA AND FAUNA CLEARY BROS (BOMBO) PROPERTY AT GERROA. JAMBEROO NSW. Avaailable from http://www.clearybros.com.au/system/files//f1/f5/o66//Appendix%20I%202005%20flora-fauna.pdf

7.06

(1) Fruit is a capsule.

(1) Bodkin, F. 1986. The Encyclopaedia Botanica. The Essential Guide to Native and Exotic Plants in Australia, Angus & Robertson Publishers. Australia

7.07

(1) Fruit is a capsule.

(1) Bodkin, F. 1986. The Encyclopaedia Botanica. The Essential Guide to Native and Exotic Plants in Australia, Angus & Robertson Publishers. Australia

7.08

(1) Fruit is a capsule.

(1) Bodkin, F. 1986. The Encyclopaedia Botanica. The Essential Guide to Native and Exotic Plants in Australia, Angus & Robertson Publishers. Australia

8.01

Don't know

8.02

Don't know

8.03

Don't know, however (1) Study indicates that dichlobenil and diquat in conjunction with a cutting treatment inhibited root growth.

(1)http://www.cababstractsplus.org/google/abstract.asp?AcNo=20053161834

8.04

Don't know

8.05

Don't know