Medinilla heterophylla A. Gray Family - Melastomatceae. Common Names(s) -. Synonym(s) - NA.

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

n

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

y

2

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

y

2

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

y

1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

y

1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

9

Notes

Source

1.01

No evidence

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1)Savura is one of the seven focal sites of the Pacific-Asia Biodiversity Transect (PABITRA) Gateway Transect in Fiji. The site is composed of tropical lowland rain forest located in southeastern Viti Levu and consists of two adjacent watershed reserves, the Savura Forest Reserve and the Vago Forest Reserve...Medinilla heterophylla A. Gray (Endemic) (2)Medinilla is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants in the family Melastomataceae, native to tropical regions of the Old World from Africa (two species) east through Madagascar (about 70 species) and southern Asia to the western Pacific Ocean islands. The genus was named after J. de Medinilla, governor of the Mariana Islands in 1820. (3)A liana occurring in dense forest, or occasionally on the edges of forest, at elevations of 50-1120 m. Endemic to Fiji and now known from six of the high islands.

(1)Keppel, G., J. C. Navuso, A. Naikatini, N. T. Thomas, I. A. Rounds, T. A. Osborne, N. Batinamu, and E. Senivasa. 2005. Botanical Diversity at Savura, a Lowland Rain Forest Site along the PABITRA Gateway Transect, Viti Levu, Fiji. Pacific Science 59(2):175–191. (2)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medinilla [Accessed 17 April 2008] (3)Smith, A. C. 1985. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A New Flora of Figi (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 3. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai.

2.02

Native range well known.

2.03

(1)A liana occurring in dense forest, or occasionally on the edges of forest, at elevations of 50-1120 m.[Broad elevational range, >1000m]

(1)Smith, A. C. 1985. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A New Flora of Figi (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 3. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai.

2.04

(1)Savura is one of the seven focal sites of the Pacific-Asia Biodiversity Transect (PABITRA) Gateway Transect in Fiji. The site is composed of tropical lowland rain forest located in southeastern Viti Levu and consists of two adjacent watershed reserves, the Savura Forest Reserve and the Vago Forest Reserve...Medinilla heterophylla A. Gray (Endemic) (2)Medinilla is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants in the family Melastomataceae, native to tropical regions of the Old World from Africa (two species) east through Madagascar (about 70 species) and southern Asia to the western Pacific Ocean islands. The genus was named after J. de Medinilla, governor of the Mariana Islands in 1820. (3)A liana occurring in dense forest, or occasionally on the edges of forest, at elevations of 50-1120 m. Endemic to Fiji and now known from six of the high islands.

(1)Keppel, G., J. C. Navuso, A. Naikatini, N. T. Thomas, I. A. Rounds, T. A. Osborne, N. Batinamu, and E. Senivasa. 2005. Botanical Diversity at Savura, a Lowland Rain Forest Site along the PABITRA Gateway Transect, Viti Levu, Fiji. Pacific Science 59(2):175–191. (2)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medinilla [Accessed 17 April 2008] (3)Smith, A. C. 1985. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A New Flora of Figi (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 3. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai.

2.05

(1)Only record of cultivation comes from Hawaiian Islands

(1)http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/HBS/botany/cultivatedplants/?pg=search&str=Melastomataceae&fld=&lngID=-1821860867 [Accessed 18 April 2008]

3.01

(1)Scientific name: Medinilla heterophylla
Island: Oahu
Collector: Aka Beebe
Collection team: OISC/ OED
Locality: Above Lyon Arboretum- UTM ~624372.66E, 2359852.35N
Vegetation: Sparingly naturalized in deep shade in Eucalyptus/Bamboo forest. Growing up bamboo, sprawling over ground.
Plant description: Sprawling vine ~ 6 sq. meters, rooting at nodes. No fruit or flowers.
Notes: New naturalized record. 10 individuals seen in area. Original Lyon planting was lost- located 350 meters away.

(1)Beebe, A. 2008. Bishop Museum Herbarium Collection.

3.02

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/ [Accessed 18 April 2008]

3.03

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/ [Accessed 18 April 2008]

3.04

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/ [Accessed 18 April 2008]

3.05

(1)Medinilla venosa is listed as a noxious weed of Hawaii

(1)http://plants.usda.gov/java/noxious?rptType=State&statefips=15

4.01

(1)No evidence

(1)Smith, A. C. 1985. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A New Flora of Figi (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 3. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai.

4.02

(1)No evidence of allelopathy in other members of genus Medinilla

(1)http://www.hear.org/pier/species/medinilla_cummingii.htm

4.03

No evidence

4.04

Unknown

4.05

(1) None of the Medinilla possess poisonous properties; some are used in dyeing; the gratefully acid leaves of some are cooked and eaten - particularly those of species Medinilla.

(1) 1860. Chambers's encyclopaedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge for the people. New York, Appleton.

4.06

(1)No evidence, although pathogens have been recorded on M. magnifica. (2)Medinilla magnifica (no common name)-- Acremonium sp., wilt: Collected at a nursery in Homestead, Dade County (28 April 1994, C. Lichkai and H. von Wald, P94-1791). NEW HOST RECORD.

(1)Pennisi, A. M.; Cacciola, S. O.; Raudino, F.; Pane, A. 2002. First report of Botrytis blight on Medinilla magnifica and various species of Mandevilla and Allamanda in Italy.Plant Disease 86 (10) : 1175 (2)http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/enpp/94-5&6all.htm

4.07

Unknown

4.08

(1)A liana occurring in dense forest, or occasionally on the edges of forest, at elevations of 50-1120 m.[habitat makes fire hazard unlikely]

(1)Smith, A. C. 1985. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A New Flora of Figi (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 3. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai.

4.09

(1)A liana occurring in dense forest [Suggests will grow in low light conditions]

(1)Smith, A. C. 1985. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A New Flora of Figi (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 3. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai.

4.10

Unknown

4.11

(1)A liana occurring in dense forest.

(1)Smith, A. C. 1985. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A New Flora of Figi (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 3. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai.

4.12

Unknown

5.01

(1)A liana occurring in dense forest [terrestrial epiphyte]

(1)Smith, A. C. 1985. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A New Flora of Figi (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 3. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai.

5.02

(1)Melastomataceae

(1)Smith, A. C. 1985. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A New Flora of Figi (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 3. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai.

5.03

(1)Melastomataceae

(1)Smith, A. C. 1985. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A New Flora of Figi (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 3. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai.

5.04

(1)A liana occurring in dense forest [terrestrial epiphyte]

(1)Smith, A. C. 1985. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A New Flora of Figi (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 3. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai.

6.01

(1)No evidence

(1)Smith, A. C. 1985. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A New Flora of Figi (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 3. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai.

6.02

(1)Naturalized on Oahu, naturalizing in an area above Lyon Arborteum [Assumption that naturalization occurs from viable seed production. Information to be supplemented with voucher accession number and notes]

(1)D. Frolich (pers. Comm 2008)

6.03

Unknown

6.04

Unknown

6.05

(1) The flowers are "magnificent" (showy) when seen but do not produce nectar. They are "buzz" pollinated by bees gathering pollen. (2) Buzz pollination is common, however, some taxa have nectariferous anther connectives, or nectar is produced on the corolla (Medinilla) or even on the top of the ovary (some Miconia), and in these cases the contorted petals form a tube, rather than spreading widely as is common in the family and there is bird pollination (Vogel 1997; Varassin et al. 2007: for nectariferous taxa, see also Renner 1989). [Other members of genus do not require specialist pollinators]

(1) http://www.botany.wisc.edu/greenhouse/Roomthree-Me.html [30 Nov 2007] (2) http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/APweb/orders/myrtalesweb2.htm [30 Nov 2007]

6.06

Unknown

6.07

Unknown

7.01

(1)A liana occurring in dense forest [unlikely to be spread unintentionally]

(1)Smith, A. C. 1985. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A New Flora of Figi (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 3. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai.

7.02

(1)Medinilla includes some of the most attractive plants indigenous in Fiji [members of genus grown intentionally as ornamentals]

(1)Smith, A. C. 1985. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A New Flora of Figi (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 3. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai.

7.03

Possibly yes, as the seeds could be deposited on tree fern trunks. Other Medinilla have been spread on tree fern logs which are sold for orchid growers.

7.04

(1)Fruit a subglobose berry, the calyx limbs persistent, the seeds numerous [Genus description. Fruit adapted for bird dispersal]

(1)Smith, A. C. 1985. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A New Flora of Figi (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 3. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai.

7.05

Plant grows in very wet rainforest habitats; some movement of berries/seeds with water is possible

7.06

(1)Fruit a subglobose berry, the calyx limbs persistent, the seeds numerous [Genus description. Fruit adapted for bird dispersal]…Fruit is dull purple, at length black [species description]

(1)Smith, A. C. 1985. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A New Flora of Figi (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 3. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai.

7.07

No means of attachment

7.08

(1)Fruit a subglobose berry, the calyx limbs persistent, the seeds numerous [Genus description. Fruit adapted for bird dispersal]…Fruit is dull purple, at length black [species description]

(1)Smith, A. C. 1985. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A New Flora of Figi (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 3. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai.

8.01

(1)Berry 4-6 celled [genus trait] (2)Fruit a subglobose berry, the calyx limbs persistent, the seeds numerous [Genus description]

(1)Wagner et al. 1990. Manual of the Flowering plants of Hawaii (2)Smith, A. C. 1985. Flora Vitiensis Nova. A New Flora of Figi (Spermatophytes Only). Volume 3. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai.

8.02

Unknown

8.03

Unknown

8.04

[probably not; weak epiphytic roots]

8.05

Unknown