Research directed by C. Daehler (UH Botany) with funding from the Kaulunani Urban Forestry Program and US Forest Service

Information on Risk Assessments
Original risk assessment

Jasminum multiflorum; Jasminum pubescens, star jasmine

Answer

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=-1, n=-1

y

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

n

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

y

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2

?=-1, n=0

y

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

y

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

y

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

n

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

y

4.1

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

y

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

y

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

n

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

3

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

n

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

y

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

2

Source

Notes

1.01

no evidence

1.02

(1)http://www.floridata.com/ref/J/jasm_mul.cfm (2)Wunderlin, R. P. 1998, Guide to the vascular plants of Florida. Gainesville, University Press of Florida. (3)Adams, C. D. 1972, Flowering plants of Jamaica. Mona, University of the West Indies.

(1)downy jasmine has escaped cultivation and become established in disturbed areas scattered throughout peninsular Florida (2)occasional escape from cultivation, disturbed sites (3)occasionally naturalized in Jamaica

1.03

no evidence

2.01

USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: http://www.ars-grin.gov/var/apache/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Jasminum+multiflorum (17 June 2002)

Native:
Asia-Tropical: Bhutan; India; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan
Other: widely cult. in tropics & subtropics

2.02

2.03

(1)http://www.discoverlife.org/nh/tx/Plantae/Dicotyledoneae/Oleaceae/Jasminum/nudiflorum/index.html (2)http://www.floridata.com/ref/J/jasm_mul.cfm (3)Adams, C. D. 1972, Flowering plants of Jamaica. Mona, University of the West Indies.

(1)The hardiness of the Winter Jasmine is from Zone 6 all the way to Zone 10 (2)USDA zones 9-11 (3)10-3000 feet elevation

2.04

USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: http://www.ars-grin.gov/var/apache/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Jasminum+multiflorum (17 June 2002)

Native:
Asia-Tropical: Bhutan; India; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan
Other: widely cult. in tropics & subtropics

2.05

USDA, NRCS. 2001. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.1 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

present in USA: Florida, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands

3.01

(1)http://www.floridata.com/ref/J/jasm_mul.cfm (2)Wunderlin, R. P. 1998, Guide to the vascular plants of Florida. Gainesville, University Press of Florida.

(1)downy jasmine has escaped cultivation and become established in disturbed areas scattered throughout peninsular Florida (2)occasional escape from cultivation, disturbed sites

3.02

no evidence

3.03

no evidence

3.04

no evidence

3.05

Bacon, P., P.J. Terry, N. Waltham, & P.Castro S. (1997) An Electronic Atlas of World Weed and Invasive Plants. Version 1.0, 1997. A database based on the original work "A Geographical Atlas of World Weeds" by Holm et al 1979.

J. azorieum was listed as a common weed in Puerto Rico; J. subtriplinerve was listed as a common weed in Taiwan. Jasminum fluminense

4.01

Dehgan, B. (1998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical Climates. University Press of Florida., Gainesville, FL. 638pp. p.493

no description of these traits

4.02

no evidence

4.03

no evidence

4.04

no evidence

4.05

no evidence

4.06

Yadav, C. P. S.; Pareek, B. L. 1985. Alternate hosts of Hymenia fascialis Butler (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bulletin of Entomology 26:100-102.

Application of 0.15% quinalphos was effective in controlling the larvae on juhi (Jasminum pubescens ) [J. multiflorum ]

4.07

no evidence

4.08

no evidence

4.09

(1)Dehgan, B. (1998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical Climates. University Press of Florida., Gainesville, FL. 638pp. p.493 (2)Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. 542pp. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. P.284 (3)http://www.discoverlife.org/nh/tx/Plantae/Dicotyledoneae/Oleaceae/Jasminum/nudiflorum/index.html

(1)"Culture: Grow in full sun on various soils." (2)sunny to partially shaded places (3)responds best to full sun, but can also do well in shade, with reduced flowering

4.1

Dehgan, B. (1998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical Climates. University Press of Florida., Gainesville, FL. 638pp. p.493

"Culture: Grow in full sun on various soils."

4.11

Dehgan, B. (1998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical Climates. University Press of Florida., Gainesville, FL. 638pp. p.493

"evergreen climber"

4.12

no evidence

5.01

terrestrial

5.02

Dehgan, B. (1998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical Climates. University Press of Florida., Gainesville, FL. 638pp. p.493

"evergreen climber"

5.03

no evidence

5.04

Dehgan, B. (1998) Landscape Plants for Subtropical Climates. University Press of Florida., Gainesville, FL. 638pp. p.493

"evergreen climber"

6.01

no evidence

6.02

(1)Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. 542pp. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. P.284 (2)Karmakar, P. G.; Srivastava, H. C.1987. Sterility and meiosis in five species of jasmine. Current Science, India 56:1173-1175. (3)http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/lppi/htm/sp197.htm

(1)" fruit a two-lobed berry, in frequently formed in cultivation" (2)chromosome aberrations, such as univalents, laggards and multiple pole formation, were frequently observed [many plants sterile] [no references to seeds for sale or trade on the Internet] (3)Primary method of propagation: cutting

6.03

no evidence

6.04

no evidence

6.05

based on floral morphology, probably moth or bee

6.06

no evidence

6.07

R. Criley, personal communication

7.01

no evidence

7.02

USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: http://www.ars-grin.gov/var/apache/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl?Jasminum+multiflorum (17 June 2002)

"widely cultivated in tropics & subtropics "

7.03

no evidence

7.04

no evidence

7.05

no evidence

7.06

Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. 542pp. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. P.284

"fruit a two-lobed berry, in frequently formed in cultivation" [bird dispersed, but this plant may be sterile]

7.07

no evidence

7.08

bird-dispersed [bird dispersed, but this plant may be sterile]

8.01

(1)Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. 542pp. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. P.284 (2)Karmakar, P. G.; Srivastava, H. C.1987. Sterility and meiosis in five species of jasmine. Current Science, India 56:1173-1175.

(1)" fruit a two-lobed berry, in frequently formed in cultivation" (2)chromosome aberrations, such as univalents, laggards and multiple pole formation, were frequently observed [many plants sterile]

8.02

no evidence

8.03

http://www.hear.org/pier3/jaflu.htm

Chemical: Large, mature, woody vines can be cut at ground level and treated with a triclopyr herbicide mixed with 50 percent water. Follow-up treatments will probably be required. (Hammer, 1996) [treatment is for J. fluminense, a more aggressive congener]

8.04

no evidence

8.05

Sakimura, K. (1983) A new Rhamphothrips from Hawaii, Jamaica and Florida, and notes on R. pomeroyi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 1983, Vol.24, No.2/3, pp.299-303, 10 ref.

AB: A new species of Rhamphothrips that was first collected in 1966 on Oahu and Kauai, Hawaii, and subsequently found amongst material collected from Jamaica in 1964 and from Florida in 1974 is described from the adult female as R. pandens sp. n. It was found on a wide variety of plants including mango, mulberry, Cassia spp., rose, Jasminum multiflorum and Lantana camara. A key is given to this species and to the 2 species (1 from India, 1 from the Sudan) most closely related to it. Notes are also given on the taxonomy of a 4th species that was found not to be closely related to this group, with a key to it and to its 2 most closely related species.