Griffonia simplicifolia (Vahl ex DC.) Baill. Family - Fabaceae . Common Names(s) - Griffonia. Synonym(s) -Bandeiraea simplicifolia (Vahl ex DC.) Benth, Schotia simplicifolia Vahl ex DC.

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

y

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

-2

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

y

1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

y

1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

0

Notes

Source

1.01

plant but it is common to find Griffonia covering several hectares of land in the wild.

(1) www.tradenet.biz/images/getblob.php?id=132&download [Accessed 2009 Jan 16].

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1) Native to West-Central Tropical Africa: Gabon; West Tropical Africa: Cote D'Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Togo.

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?100150 [Accessed 2009 Jan 14].

2.02

(1) Native to West-Central Tropical Africa: Gabon; West Tropical Africa: Cote D'Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Togo.

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?100150 [Accessed 2009 Jan 14].

2.03

Unknown

2.04

(1) Native to West-Central Tropical Africa: Gabon; West Tropical Africa: Cote D'Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Togo.

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?100150 [Accessed 2009 Jan 14].

2.05

(1) Website has seeds for sale. (2) Site has Griffonia simplicifolia seeds for sale. (3) Seeds sold for cultivation.

(1) http://www.shamanica.com/Griffonia%20simplicifolia.asp [Accessed 2009 Jan 14]. (2) http://www.export-forum.com/africa/west_africa_griffonia_simplicifolia.htm [Accessed 2009 Jan 14]. (3) http://www.ktbotanicals.com/griffonia-simplicifolia-seeds-p-149.html [Accessed 2009 Jan 16].

3.01

No evidence.

(1) http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinameg.htm [Accessed 2009 Jan 15].

3.02

No evidence.

(1) http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinameg.htm [Accessed 2009 Jan 15].

3.03

No evidence.

(1) http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinameg.htm [Accessed 2009 Jan 15].

3.04

No evidence.

(1) http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinameg.htm [Accessed 2009 Jan 15].

3.05

No evidence.

(1) http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinameg.htm [Accessed 2009 Jan 15].

4.01

(1) No spines, thorns, burrs.

(1) http://www.spirit-craft.com/Griffonia%20simplicifolia.asp [Accessed 2009 Jan 16].

4.02

Unknown

4.03

(1) Not parasitic.

(1) http://www.parasiticplants.siu.edu/ListParasites.html [Accessed 2009 Jan 14].

4.04

(1) Cattle in Western Africa graze on G. simplicifolia.

(1) http://www.ilri.org/InfoServ/Webpub/Fulldocs/Browse_in_Africa/Chapter47.htm [Accessed 2009 Jan 14].

4.05

(1) Cattle in Western Africa graze on G. simplicifolia.

(1) http://www.ilri.org/InfoServ/Webpub/Fulldocs/Browse_in_Africa/Chapter47.htm [Accessed 2009 Jan 14].

4.06

Unknown

4.07

(1) Twigs are used as a chewing stick in southern Ghana. (2) Traditionally various parts of the plant are used to treat ailments including vomiting, diarrhea and as an antiseptic for wounds.

(1) AduTutu, M., Y. Afful, et al. (1979). "Chewing stick usage in Southern Ghana." Economic Botany 33(3): 320-328. (2) http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QTKxUhTugwUC&oi=fnd&pg=PR8&dq=griffonia+simplicifolia
+%2B+%22propagules%22&ots=l_W32yr4sJ&sig=H8uap_70lyabiQsQ7VktpPTlNCA#PPA201,M1 [Accessed 2009 Jan 16].

4.08

Unknown

4.09

(1) Griffonia grows in the wild, throughout the southern regions of Ghana, as a climbing plant in the shade of large trees.

(1) http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QTKxUhTugwUC&oi=fnd&pg=PR8&dq=griffonia+simplicifolia
+%2B+%22propagules%22&ots=l_W32yr4sJ&sig=H8uap_70lyabiQsQ7VktpPTlNCA#PPA201,M1 [Accessed 2009 Jan 16].

4.10

Unknown

4.11

(1) Climbing growth form.

(1) http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR/PDF/pdf2008/September/Addo-Fordjour%20et%20al.pdf{

4.12

Unknown

5.01

(1) Tree on West African savannas and coastal plains and a liana in secondary forests.

(1) http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=qYEW9HtnEVMC&oi=fnd&pg=PP19&dq=griffonia+simplicifolia
+%2B+%22naturalised%22&ots=4E3CxAd6sm&sig=KVeIQpdYNfk_7rjcYf3O2he46io#PPA75,M1 [Accessed 2009 Jan 14].

5.02

(1) Fabaceae

(1) http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?100150 [Accessed 2009 Jan 14].

5.03

(1) In study in six forests of southeastern Guinea, nodulation was not found on G. simplicifolia.

(1) Diabate, M., A. Munive, et al. (2005). "Occurrence of Nodulation in Unexplored Leguminous Trees Native to the West African Tropical Rainforest and Inoculation Response of Native Species Useful in Reforestation." New Phytologist 166(1): 231-239.

5.04

(1) Tree on West African savannas and coastal plains and a liana in secondary forests.

(1) http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=qYEW9HtnEVMC&oi=fnd&pg=PP19&dq=griffonia+simplicifolia
+%2B+%22naturalised%22&ots=4E3CxAd6sm&sig=KVeIQpdYNfk_7rjcYf3O2he46io#PPA75,M1 [Accessed 2009 Jan 14].

6.01

(1) Found abundantly in the coastal and secondary forests of West Africa.

(1) http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QTKxUhTugwUC&oi=fnd&pg=PR8&dq=griffonia+simplicifolia
+%2B+%22propagules%22&ots=l_W32yr4sJ&sig=H8uap_70lyabiQsQ7VktpPTlNCA#PPA201,M1 [Accessed 2009 Jan 16].

6.02

(1) Website has seeds for sale. (2) Site has Griffonia simplicifolia seeds for sale.(3) Found abundantly in the coastal and secondary forests of West Africa.

(1) http://www.shamanica.com/Griffonia%20simplicifolia.asp [Accessed 2009 Jan 14]. (2) http://www.export-forum.com/africa/west_africa_griffonia_simplicifolia.htm [Accessed 2009 Jan 14]. (3) http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QTKxUhTugwUC&oi=fnd&pg=PR8&dq=griffonia+simplicifolia
+%2B+%22propagules%22&ots=l_W32yr4sJ&sig=H8uap_70lyabiQsQ7VktpPTlNCA#PPA201,M1 [Accessed 2009 Jan 16].

6.03

Unknown

6.04

Unknown

6.05

Unknown

6.06

Unknown

6.07

Unknown

7.01

Not likely (1) Produces 5 cm pods which have 1-2 mm seeds. Pods explode to release the seeds.

(1) http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QTKxUhTugwUC&oi=fnd&pg=PR8&dq=griffonia+simplicifolia
+%2B+%22propagules%22&ots=l_W32yr4sJ&sig=H8uap_70lyabiQsQ7VktpPTlNCA#PPA201,M1 [Accessed 2009 Jan 16].

7.02

(1) Website has seeds for sale. (2) Site has Griffonia simplicifolia seeds for sale. (3) Seeds sold for cultivation.

(1) http://www.shamanica.com/Griffonia%20simplicifolia.asp [Accessed 2009 Jan 14]. (2) http://www.export-forum.com/africa/west_africa_griffonia_simplicifolia.htm [Accessed 2009 Jan 14]. (3) http://www.ktbotanicals.com/griffonia-simplicifolia-seeds-p-149.html [Accessed 2009 Jan 16].

7.03

plant but it is common to find Griffonia covering several hectares of land in the wild.

(1) www.tradenet.biz/images/getblob.php?id=132&download [Accessed 2009 Jan 16].

7.04

(1) Produces 5 cm pods which have 1-2 mm seeds. Pods explode to release the seeds.

(1) http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QTKxUhTugwUC&oi=fnd&pg=PR8&dq=griffonia+simplicifolia
+%2B+%22propagules%22&ots=l_W32yr4sJ&sig=H8uap_70lyabiQsQ7VktpPTlNCA#PPA201,M1 [Accessed 2009 Jan 16].

7.05

Unknown

7.06

(1) Produces 5 cm pods which have 1-2 mm seeds.

(1) http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QTKxUhTugwUC&oi=fnd&pg=PR8&dq=griffonia+simplicifolia
+%2B+%22propagules%22&ots=l_W32yr4sJ&sig=H8uap_70lyabiQsQ7VktpPTlNCA#PPA201,M1 [Accessed 2009 Jan 16].

7.07

Unknown

7.08

Unknown

8.01

Unknown

8.02

(1 ) Fabaceae, produces 5 cm pods which have 1-2 mm seeds. Pods explode to release the seeds.

(1) http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QTKxUhTugwUC&oi=fnd&pg=PR8&dq=griffonia+simplicifolia
+%2B+%22propagules%22&ots=l_W32yr4sJ&sig=H8uap_70lyabiQsQ7VktpPTlNCA#PPA201,M1 [Accessed 2009 Jan 16].

8.03

Unknown

8.04

(1) Study indicates that G. simplicifolia was able to resprout during 3 years of cultivation and 2 years of fallow.

(1) Rouw, A. d. (1993). "Regeneration by Sprouting in Slash and Burn Rice Cultivation, Tai Rain Forest, Cote d'Ivoire." Journal of Tropical Ecology 9(4): 387-408.

8.05

Unknown