Research directed by C. Daehler (UH Botany) with funding from the Kaulunani Urban Forestry Program and US Forest Service

Information on Risk Assessments
Original risk assessment

Gardenia taitensis; Tahitian gardenia

Answer

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=-1, n=-1

n

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

n

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2

?=-1, n=0

y

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

n

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

n

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

n

4.1

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

n

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

y

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

y

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

n

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

-4

Source

Notes

1.01

no evidence

1.02

no evidence

1.03

no evidence

2.01

Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.223

"native to Melanesia and perhaps eastwardto Fiji and western Polynesia but was an ancient introduction farther east of the Maquesas Islands and is now widely cutivated elsewhere."

2.02

2.03

Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.223

"native to Melanesia and perhaps eastwardto Fiji and western Polynesia but was an ancient introduction farther east of the Maquesas Islands and is now widely cutivated elsewhere."

2.04

Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.223

"native to Melanesia and perhaps eastwardto Fiji and western Polynesia but was an ancient introduction farther east of the Maquesas Islands and is now widely cutivated elsewhere."

2.05

Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.223

"an ancient introduction farther east of the Maquesas Islands and is now widely cutivated elsewhere."

3.01

no evidence

3.02

no evidence

3.03

no evidence

3.04

no evidence

3.05

no evidence

4.01

Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.223

no description of these traits

4.02

no evidnce

4.03

no evidnce

4.04

no evidnce

4.05

no evidnce

4.06

no evidnce

4.07

no evidnce

4.08

lush shrub of moist habitats

4.09

(1)Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.224 (2)http://www.rareflora.com/gardeniata.htm

(1)"Moist , well drained soils in sunny places are prefered." (2)full sun

4.1

Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.224

"Moist , well drained soils in sunny places are prefered."

4.11

Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.223

"shrub or smalltree to 4m high."

4.12

no evidnce

5.01

terrestrial

5.02

shrub or small tree; Rubiaceae

5.03

no evidnce

5.04

shrub or small tree

6.01

no evidnce

6.02

http://www.datasync.com/~seedman/exoticseeds/messages/766.html

seeds for sale

6.03

no evidnce

6.04

no evidnce

6.05

http://anthony.darrouzet-nardi.net/biology/mothpaper.pdf

seems to be moth pollinated

6.06

no evidnce

6.07

no evidnce

7.01

no evidnce

7.02

http://davesgarden.com/tl/Seedgoddess/viewbycat/2634.html

on the seed trade list

7.03

no evidnce

7.04

Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.223

Fruit an obovid orellipsoid drupe to 4 cm long withthree to five longitudinal wings and persistent laceolate calyx lobes but infrequently formed in cultivation. [large fleshy fruit]

7.05

no evidnce

7.06

Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.223

Fruit an obovid orellipsoid drupe to 4 cm long withthree to five longitudinal wings and persistent laceolate calyx lobes but infrequently formed in cultivation. [large fleshy fruit]

7.07

no evidnce

7.08

bird-dispersed

8.01

Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Oramentals: a Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p.223

"Flower solitary at the tips of the stems"; "Fruit an obovid orellipsoid drupe to 4 cm long withthree to five longitudinal wings and persistent laceolate calyx lobes but infrequently formed in cultivation."

8.02

no evidnce

8.03

no evidnce

8.04

no evidnce

8.05

no evidnce