Ficus binnendijkii (Miq.) Miq. Family - Moraceae. Common Names(s) - Sabre Ficus. Synonym(s) - Ficus maclellandii.

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y= 1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

0

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

n

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

0

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

y

2

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

y

-1

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

y

1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

-1

Notes

Source

1.01

(1)With its fast growth rate, Ficus binnendijkii 'Alii' (binnendijk's fig) will reach its mature size quickly. Keep this in mind when planning the layout of your garden. Reaching maturity quickly can be a benefit if you want your garden to look more established sooner. Be advised that Ficus binnendijkii 'Alii' (binnendijk's fig) may be invasive where conditions are favourable. In such cases it will require maintenance to keep it under control [cultivars of this species mention differences in leaf shape, but not growth rate or habit]

(1)http://gardenaway.com/plants/ficus-binnendijkii-alii.html [Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1)Ficus binnendijkii occurs in Malesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra, and peninsular Malaysia) and extends to southernmost peninsular Thailand.

(1)Berg, C. C. 2007. Leaf dimorphy in Ficus binnendijkii and Ficus maclellandii (Moraceae) and the identity of the ornamental trees known under the name “F. longifolia”. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 35: 29-30.

2.02

(1)Ficus binnendijkii occurs in Malesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra, and peninsular Malaysia) and extends to southernmost peninsular Thailand.

(1)Berg, C. C. 2007. Leaf dimorphy in Ficus binnendijkii and Ficus maclellandii (Moraceae) and the identity of the ornamental trees known under the name “F. longifolia”. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 35: 29-30.

2.03

(1)USDA Hardiness Zone: 10 to 11

(1)http://www.backyardgardener.com/plantname/pd_4f62.html [Accessed 07 Dec 2009]

2.04

(1)Ficus binnendijkii is a native of the tropical rain forest of Java, the Philippines and other parts of South-east Asia. It is relatively new in cultivation, but is rapidly establishing itself as an alternative to the more familiar Weeping fig, Ficus benjamina.

(1)http://www.rentokiltropicalplants.com.au/Downloads/ficus%20binnendijkii%20fact%20sheet.pdf [ Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

2.05

(1)Ficus binnendijkii is a native of the tropical rain forest of Java, the Philippines and other parts of South-east Asia. It is relatively new in cultivation, but is rapidly establishing itself as an alternative to the more familiar Weeping fig, Ficus benjamina.

(1)http://www.rentokiltropicalplants.com.au/Downloads/ficus%20binnendijkii%20fact%20sheet.pdf [ Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

3.01

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamef.htm [Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

3.02

(1)Planted in warm, frost-free climates the Binnendijk’s fig becomes a huge tree with invasive ground roots and spreading aerial branches. It is only suitable for very large gardens and parks. Various species of tropical Ficus are used extensively as hedges. Wherever planted as a hedge or tree, fig roots can invade water lines and lift pavement. In hurricane prone zones, tropical figs are very susceptible to falling during a storm...Invasive: Sometimes (2)With its fast growth rate, Ficus binnendijkii 'Alii' (binnendijk's fig) will reach its mature size quickly. Keep this in mind when planning the layout of your garden. Reaching maturity quickly can be a benefit if you want your garden to look more established sooner. Be advised that Ficus binnendijkii 'Alii' (binnendijk's fig) may be invasive where conditions are favourable. In such cases it will require maintenance to keep it under control [could possible become a nuisance in garden, urban, or landscape settings]

(1)http://www.learn2grow.com/plants/ficus-binnendijkii/ [Accessed 01 Dec 2009] (2)http://gardenaway.com/plants/ficus-binnendijkii-alii.html [Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

3.03

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamef.htm [Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

3.04

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamef.htm [Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

3.05

(1) F. microcarpa was listed in Category I—(Species that are invading and disrupting native plant communities in Florida. This definition does not rely on the economic severity or geographic range of the problem, but on the documented ecological damage caused. ) (2)This evergreen tree produces a very dense shade excluding all other species. It does not invade undisturbed forest but once established it will displace all other trees in its shade...This species grows in all but the wettest and driest habitats on all of the major islands, most commonly on cliffs and rocky outcrops. (3)Typically, this species invades disturbed urban sites to degraded secondary forests in areas nearby initial plantings. It has recently been observed growing on native wiliwili (Erythrina sandwicense) in lowland dry forests of Maui.

(1)Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. FLEPPC 2001 List of Florida's Most Invasive Species. Internet: http://www.fleppc.org/01list.htm (2)http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/fic_mic.htm (3)http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/html/ficus_microcarpa.htm

4.01

(1)A tree of dense growth and pendant habit which may grow to several metres in height. The shiny, deep green leaves are up to 25 centimetres long and tapering to a slender point. Leaf width depends on variety and ranges from two to three centimetres (“alii”) to five to six centimetres (“Amstel king”). In common with most fig species the leaves and bark exude a milky-white liquid when damaged. This may cause minor skin irritation in some individuals.

(1)http://www.rentokiltropicalplants.com.au/Downloads/ficus%20binnendijkii%20fact%20sheet.pdf [ Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

4.02

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.rentokiltropicalplants.com.au/Downloads/ficus%20binnendijkii%20fact%20sheet.pdf [ Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

4.03

(1)A tree of dense growth and pendant habit which may grow to several metres in height. The shiny, deep green leaves are up to 25 centimetres long and tapering to a slender point. Leaf width depends on variety and ranges from two to three centimetres (“alii”) to five to six centimetres (“Amstel king”). [no evidence]

(1)http://www.rentokiltropicalplants.com.au/Downloads/ficus%20binnendijkii%20fact%20sheet.pdf [ Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

4.04

Unknown

4.05

(1)Ficus spp. are more or less safe for most people in most circumstances, though I have heard of people developing asthma, wheezing, and similar respiratory problems around them, and I personally get itchy when I have to pick dead leaves out of them or whatever, which suggests I might be slightly allergic. If I am slightly allergic, then I'm just being normal: allergies to Ficus, and Ficus benjamina in particular, are pretty common among greenhouse workers, florists, etc. [no evidence of toxicity to animals or humans]

(1)http://plantsarethestrangestpeople.blogspot.com/2009/04/houseplant-toxicity-week-part-5.html [Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

4.06

(1)Prone to attack by mealybug, scale insects and the Two spotted(red) spider mite (Tetranychus urticae)

(1)http://www.rentokiltropicalplants.com.au/Downloads/ficus%20binnendijkii%20fact%20sheet.pdf [ Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

4.07

(1)A tree of dense growth and pendant habit which may grow to several metres in height. The shiny, deep green leaves are up to 25 centimetres long and tapering to a slender point. Leaf width depends on variety and ranges from two to three centimetres (“alii”) to five to six centimetres (“Amstel king”). In common with most fig species the leaves and bark exude a milky-white liquid when damaged. This may cause minor skin irritation in some individuals.

(1)http://www.rentokiltropicalplants.com.au/Downloads/ficus%20binnendijkii%20fact%20sheet.pdf [ Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

4.08

(1)Ficus binnendijkii is a native of the tropical rain forest of Java, the Philippines and other parts of South-east Asia. [no evidence, and unlikely due to rainforest habitat]

(1)http://www.rentokiltropicalplants.com.au/Downloads/ficus%20binnendijkii%20fact%20sheet.pdf [ Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

4.09

(1)Light Range: Part Shade to Full Sun (2)Does best in high light. The plant tends to thin out dramatically in anything less. Direct sunlight may cause leaf scorch. (3)Sun Exposure Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial Shade, Full Shade (4)Light full sun to shade

(1)http://www.backyardgardener.com/plantname/pd_4f62.html [Accessed 07 Dec 2009] (2)http://www.rentokiltropicalplants.com.au/Downloads/ficus%20binnendijkii%20fact%20sheet.pdf [Accessed 01 Dec 2009] (3)http://www.learn2grow.com/plants/ficus-binnendijkii/ [Accessed 01 Dec 2009] (4)http://gardenaway.com/plants/ficus-binnendijkii-alii.html [Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

4.10

(1)Soil Range: Some Sand to Clay Loam (2)Soil pH: Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline... Soil type: Loam, Sand

(1)http://www.backyardgardener.com/plantname/pd_4f62.html [Accessed 07 Dec 2009] (2)http://www.learn2grow.com/plants/ficus-binnendijkii/ [Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

4.11

(1)A tree of dense growth and pendant habit which may grow to several metres in height. The shiny, deep green leaves are up to 25 centimetres long and tapering to a slender point. Leaf width depends on variety and ranges from two to three centimetres (“alii”) to five to six centimetres (“Amstel king”). In common with most fig species the leaves and bark exude a milky-white liquid when damaged. This may cause minor skin irritation in some individuals.

(1)http://www.rentokiltropicalplants.com.au/Downloads/ficus%20binnendijkii%20fact%20sheet.pdf [ Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

4.12

(1)A tree of dense growth and pendant habit which may grow to several metres in height. [dense growth, but unknown if able to form dense thickets in wild]

(1)http://www.rentokiltropicalplants.com.au/Downloads/ficus%20binnendijkii%20fact%20sheet.pdf [ Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

5.01

(1)Terrestrial

(1)http://www.rentokiltropicalplants.com.au/Downloads/ficus%20binnendijkii%20fact%20sheet.pdf [ Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

5.02

(1)Moraceae

(1)http://www.rentokiltropicalplants.com.au/Downloads/ficus%20binnendijkii%20fact%20sheet.pdf [ Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

5.03

(1)Moraceae

(1)http://www.rentokiltropicalplants.com.au/Downloads/ficus%20binnendijkii%20fact%20sheet.pdf [ Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

5.04

(1)A tree of dense growth and pendant habit which may grow to several metres in height. The shiny, deep green leaves are up to 25 centimetres long and tapering to a slender point. Leaf width depends on variety and ranges from two to three centimetres (“alii”) to five to six centimetres (“Amstel king”). In common with most fig species the leaves and bark exude a milky-white liquid when damaged. This may cause minor skin irritation in some individuals.

(1)http://www.rentokiltropicalplants.com.au/Downloads/ficus%20binnendijkii%20fact%20sheet.pdf [ Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

6.01

(1)Ficus binnendijkii occurs in Malesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra, and peninsular Malaysia) and extends to southernmost peninsular Thailand. [no evidence from native habitat]

(1)Berg, C. C. 2007. Leaf dimorphy in Ficus binnendijkii and Ficus maclellandii (Moraceae) and the identity of the ornamental trees known under the name “F. longifolia”. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 35: 29-30.

6.02

(1)The inconspicuous flowers bloom in spring and are followed by small fruit that may be green or yellow maturing to red. A very small, non-stinging wasp is required for pollination [when pollinators are present] (2)Pollinator not know to be in Hawaiian Islands

(1)http://www.learn2grow.com/plants/ficus-binnendijkii/ [Accessed 01 Dec 2009] (2)Wagner, W.L. D.R. Herbst and S.H. Sohmer. 1999. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai`i. University of Hawaii and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu.

6.03

(1)every species of fig has its own species of pollinator wasp [unlikely to naturally hybridize with such specialized pollinator requirements]

(1)Wiebes, J. T. 1979. Co-Evolution of Figs and their Insect Pollinators. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 10: 1-12.

6.04

(1)Self-Sowing: No

(1)http://www.learn2grow.com/plants/ficus-binnendijkii/ [Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

6.05

(1)The inconspicuous flowers bloom in spring and are followed by small fruit that may be green or yellow maturing to red. A very small, non-stinging wasp is required for pollination.

(1)http://www.learn2grow.com/plants/ficus-binnendijkii/ [Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

6.06

Unknown

6.07

(1)Fast growing, vigorous, evergreen tree in warm climates. (2)Growth Rate Fast [probably <4 years, but dependent on pollinators]

(1)http://www.backyardgardener.com/plantname/pd_4f62.html [Accessed 07 Dec 2009] (2)http://www.learn2grow.com/plants/ficus-binnendijkii/ [Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

7.01

(1)No means of external attachment

(1)Berg, C. C. 2007. Leaf dimorphy in Ficus binnendijkii and Ficus maclellandii (Moraceae) and the identity of the ornamental trees known under the name “F. longifolia”. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 35: 29-30.

7.02

(1)Like its close relatives, Ficus benjamina, this is a plant that looks attractive as a standalone specimen or as part of a mixed display. Larger specimens are especially useful as feature plants in warm, well-lit atria, shopping malls and offices.

(1)http://www.rentokiltropicalplants.com.au/Downloads/ficus%20binnendijkii%20fact%20sheet.pdf [ Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

7.03

(1)Fruits and seeds consumed by Proboscis Monkeys

(1)Matsuda, I. 2008. Feeding and Ranging Behaviors of Proboscis Monkey Nasalis larvatus in Sabah, Malaysia. PhD Dissertation. Hokkaido University, Japan.

7.04

(1)Fruits and seeds consumed by Proboscis Monkeys

(1)Matsuda, I. 2008. Feeding and Ranging Behaviors of Proboscis Monkey Nasalis larvatus in Sabah, Malaysia. PhD Dissertation. Hokkaido University, Japan.

7.05

(1)Fruits and seeds consumed by Proboscis Monkeys

(1)Matsuda, I. 2008. Feeding and Ranging Behaviors of Proboscis Monkey Nasalis larvatus in Sabah, Malaysia. PhD Dissertation. Hokkaido University, Japan.

7.06

(1)Fruits and seeds consumed by Proboscis Monkeys [with fleshy fruit, so probably bird-dispersed as well]

(1)Matsuda, I. 2008. Feeding and Ranging Behaviors of Proboscis Monkey Nasalis larvatus in Sabah, Malaysia. PhD Dissertation. Hokkaido University, Japan.

7.07

(1)No means of external attachment

(1)Berg, C. C. 2007. Leaf dimorphy in Ficus binnendijkii and Ficus maclellandii (Moraceae) and the identity of the ornamental trees known under the name “F. longifolia”. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 35: 29-30.

7.08

(1)Fruits and seeds consumed by Proboscis Monkeys

(1)Matsuda, I. 2008. Feeding and Ranging Behaviors of Proboscis Monkey Nasalis larvatus in Sabah, Malaysia. PhD Dissertation. Hokkaido University, Japan.

8.01

Unknown

8.02

Unknown

8.03

Unknown [no information on control]

8.04

(1)In good growing conditions the plant will require regular pruning to maintain a compact shape.

(1)http://www.rentokiltropicalplants.com.au/Downloads/ficus%20binnendijkii%20fact%20sheet.pdf [ Accessed 01 Dec 2009]

8.05

Unknown