Dypsis decaryi (Triangle Palm ) Synonymy: Neodypsis decaryi Family - Arecaceae

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

n

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

n

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y

1

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2

y

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

-2

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n

0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n

0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n

0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n

0

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

n

0

4.03

Parasitic

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

n

-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

n

0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

n

0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

n

0

4.1

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y

1

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

n

0

4.12

Forms dense thickets

n

0

5.01

Aquatic

n

0

5.02

Grass

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

n

-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

n

-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

n

0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

n

-1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

30

-1

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

n

-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

n

-1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

n

-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y

1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y

1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

n

-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

n

-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

Total score:

-7

Notes

Reference

1.01

It can get to about 15 metres (50 feet), although since it is relatively new to cultivation, is rarely seen anywhere near that size.

http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/Dypsis/decaryi.html

1.02

No evidence of naturalization.

1.03

No evidence

2.01

(1)Native to Madagascar. (2)Origin - Madagascar. Restricted to a narrow zone (20 km wide) between the humid rain forest of the southeast and the dry spiny forest of the soutwest of Madagascar.

(1)http://www.junglemusic.net/palms/dypsis-decaryi.htm (2)http://florawww.eeb.uconn.edu/acc_num/199400005.html

2.02

In cultivation the species is widespread and grown in a wide variety of climates.

http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/38531/all

2.03

(1)Hardiness:
USDA Zone 9b: to -3.8° C (25° F)
USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1°C (30° F)
USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7° C (35° F)
USDA Zone 11: above 4.5° C (40° F) (2)Dry forest or bush on stony soils. ... In cultivation the species is widespread and grown in a wide variety of climates. (3)Hardiness Range: 10B - 11

(1)http://davesgarden.com/pf/go/57385/index.html (2)http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/38531/all

2.04

(1)Native to Madagascar. (2)Origin - Madagascar. Restricted to a narrow zone (20 km wide) between the humid rain forest of the southeast and the dry spiny forest of the soutwest of Madagascar.

(1)http://www.junglemusic.net/palms/dypsis-decaryi.htm (2)http://florawww.eeb.uconn.edu/acc_num/199400005.html

2.05

Introduced to Alabama, Arizona, California, Florida, Puerto Rico and Texas.

http://davesgarden.com/pf/go/57385/index.html

3.01

No evidence of naturalization.

3.02

No evidence

3.03

No evidence

3.04

No evidence

3.05

No evidence

4.01

No evidence of such structures.

4.02

No evidence

4.03

No evidence.

4.04

" … the protected area the population appears to be declining rapidly, mainly because of an- thropogenic effects (especially flre and grazing). ... dypsis decaryi. ... " [Probably yes].

Ratsirarson, Joelisoa; Silander., John A., Jr.; Richard, Alison F. Conservation and management of a threatened Madagascar palm species, Neodypsis decaryi, Jumelle Conservation Biology 10 (1) : 40-52 1996

4.05

No evidence

4.06

No major pests or diseases.

http://www.floridata.com/ref/N/neod_dec.cfm

4.07

Danger: Seed is poisonous if ingested. Parts of plant are poisonous if ingested. [No further evidence regarding toxicity of this species].

http://davesgarden.com/pf/go/57385/index.html

4.08

(1)Fire is a major threat. (2)Although adult individuals resist fire, seedlings and juveniles are very sensitive.

(1)http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/38531/all (2)Ratsirarson, Joelisoa; Silander., John A., Jr.; Richard, Alison F. Conservation and management of a threatened Madagascar palm species, Neodypsis decaryi, Jumelle Conservation Biology 10 (1) : 40-52 1996

4.09

(1)It prefers full sun, and regular watering, however, it can stand occasional dryness and semi-shade. (2)Sun Requirements: Maximum full sun (3)Sun Exposure:Full Sun, Sun to Partial Shade (4)It is a fast grower and loves the sun (it will die if it is kept in too much shade). (5)prefers partial shade or partial sun to full sun; soil should be dry to moist

(1)http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/Dypsis/decaryi.html (2)http://www.junglemusic.net/palms/dypsis-decaryi.htm (3)http://davesgarden.com/pf/go/57385/index.html (4)http://www.junglemusic.net/palmadvice/palms-madagascar.htm (5)http://www.horticopia.com/hortpix/html/pc3707.htm

4.1

(1)Very adaptable to soil types but should be well drained. (2)Soil pH requirements: 6.1 to 6.5 (mildly acidic), 6.6 to 7.5 (neutral)

(1)http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=%22dypsis+decaryi%22+ (2)http://davesgarden.com/pf/go/57385/index.html

4.11

Not a climber - a solitay upright palm.

http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/Dypsis/decaryi.html

4.12

No evidence

5.01

A palm.

http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/Dypsis/decaryi.html

5.02

5.03

5.04

6.01

"This palm is locally dominant within the primay reserve (Andohahela) and has scattered populations elsewhere. However outside the reserverecruitment of seedlings and juveniles is rare or absent. Neodypsis decaryi shows asynchronous continuous flower production in the populations throughout the year and thereby provides cruicail food resources (as a likely keystone species) for pollinators during certain periods of the year."

Reproductive Biology of the Threatened Madagascar Triangle Palm: Neodypsis decaryi Jumelle Joelisoa Ratsirarson, John A. Silander, Jr. Biotropica, Vol. 28, No. 4, Part B (Dec., 1996), pp. 737-745

6.02

(1)Propagation from seed. (2)Seed usually germinates within about 1 month of sowing. (3)Propagation: only by seed which germinate in 1-2 months.

(1)http://davesgarden.com/pf/go/57385/index.html (2)http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/Dypsis/decaryi.html (3)http://www.floridata.com/ref/N/neod_dec.cfm

6.03

No evidence of hybridization in the wild or under cultivation.

6.04

"The inflorescence of Neodypsis decaryi is monoecious and flowers are unisexual. Staminate flowers open before the pistillate flowers (I.e. the inflorescence is protandrous) like many aeroid palms. .. Pistillate flowers had frsth looking stigmas and were apparently receptive after all staminate flowers had fallen off. Th stigmas became dry, started to wilt and turned broun after being receptive when staminate flowers were in anthesis, either within or among inflorescences on an individual palm. On this basis Neodypsis decaryi individuals appeard to be obligately out-crossed even though they are monoecious"

Reproductive Biology of the Threatened Madagascar Triangle Palm: Neodypsis decaryi Jumelle Joelisoa Ratsirarson, John A. Silander, Jr. Biotropica, Vol. 28, No. 4, Part B (Dec., 1996), pp. 737-745

6.05

"… Inflorescences were monoecious, protandrous, and primarily insect pollinated. The honey bee Apis mellifera was the most effective pollinator although there were other insect visitors. None of these visitors were specialists restricted to N. decaryi. "

Reproductive Biology of the Threatened Madagascar Triangle Palm: Neodypsis decaryi Jumelle Joelisoa Ratsirarson, John A. Silander, Jr. Biotropica, Vol. 28, No. 4, Part B (Dec., 1996), pp. 737-745

6.06

No evidence of spread by vegetative means.

6.07

(1)"Individuals begin flowering when they reach about 2 m in height at approximately 30 to 25 years." (2)Neodypsis decaryi starts to reproduce between 30 and 35 years of age and can survive at least 200 years. … Neodypsis decaryi in plantation is reported to grow faster and reproduce earlier than N. decaryi in the wild."

(1)Reproductive Biology of the Threatened Madagascar Triangle Palm: Neodypsis decaryi Jumelle Joelisoa Ratsirarson, John A. Silander, Jr. Biotropica, Vol. 28, No. 4, Part B (Dec., 1996), pp. 737-745 (2)Ratsirarson, Joelisoa; Silander., John A., Jr.; Richard, Alison F. Conservation and management of a threatened Madagascar palm species, Neodypsis decaryi, Jumelle Conservation Biology 10 (1) : 40-52 1996

7.01

No evidence that the species is grown specifically around walkways or as avenue tree. Also no evidence that the propagules have any means of attachment causing accidental introductions.

7.02

An ornamental palm. "Seeds are intensively collected and exported (often illegally) for use in tropical horticulture."

Reproductive Biology of the Threatened Madagascar Triangle Palm: Neodypsis decaryi Jumelle Joelisoa Ratsirarson, John A. Silander, Jr. Biotropica, Vol. 28, No. 4, Part B (Dec., 1996), pp. 737-745

7.03

Probably not - no evidence that the species grows or occurs near fields of crop plants.

7.04

Probably not - fleshy fruits - no evidence that the seeds have any adaptation for wind dispersal.

7.05

Probably not - in the native range the species inhabits dry areas.

7.06

"We also note that ring-tailed lemus (Lemur catta), mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus), black parrots (Coracopsis vasa) and wild pigs (Pltamocherus larvatus) rely on the fruits of this palm all year long." [Probabaly yes - seeds consumed by birds and small mammals]

Reproductive Biology of the Threatened Madagascar Triangle Palm: Neodypsis decaryi Jumelle Joelisoa Ratsirarson, John A. Silander, Jr. Biotropica, Vol. 28, No. 4, Part B (Dec., 1996), pp. 737-745

7.07

Probably not - no evidence that the propagules have any means of attahment.

7.08

"We also note that ring-tailed lemus (Lemur catta), mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus), black parrots (Coracopsis vasa) and wild pigs (Pltamocherus larvatus) rely on the fruits of this palm all year long." [Probabaly yes - seeds consumed by birds and small mammals]

Reproductive Biology of the Threatened Madagascar Triangle Palm: Neodypsis decaryi Jumelle Joelisoa Ratsirarson, John A. Silander, Jr. Biotropica, Vol. 28, No. 4, Part B (Dec., 1996), pp. 737-745

8.01

Probably not - seeds relatively large - "Seed: 0.5 inches. round."

http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Palm/Neodypsis_decaryi.html

8.02

No evidence regarding seed survival under field conditions.

8.03

No evidence that the speceis is being controlled for.

8.04

(1)Fire is a major threat. (2)Although adult individuals resist fire, seedlings and juveniles are very sensitive.

(1)http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/38531/all (2)Ratsirarson, Joelisoa; Silander., John A., Jr.; Richard, Alison F. Conservation and management of a threatened Madagascar palm species, Neodypsis decaryi, Jumelle Conservation Biology 10 (1) : 40-52 1996

8.05

Don’t know.