Davallia fejeensis W. J. Hooker. Family - Davalliaceae. Common Names(s) - Squirrel's Foot Fern, Lacy Hare's-foot Fern. Synonym(s) - D. solida var. fejeensis.

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

0

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

y

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

y

2

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

<4

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

y

1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

6

Notes

Source

1.01

(1)The species is variable and a number of forms are grown. The commonest form has large, extremely finely-divided fronds with very small segments [no evidence that cultivation has reduced vigor]

(1)Jones, D.L. 1987. Encyclopaedia of Ferns. Timber Press. Portland, OR.

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1)This common and ornamental species is found naturally only in the Fiji Islands, where it is apparently not uncommon.

(1)Morton, C.V. 1957. Observations on Cultivated Ferns, IV. The Species of Davallia. American Fern Journal 47(4): 143-148.

2.02

(1)This common and ornamental species is found naturally only in the Fiji Islands, where it is apparently not uncommon. [native range & climate well known]

(1)Morton, C.V. 1957. Observations on Cultivated Ferns, IV. The Species of Davallia. American Fern Journal 47(4): 143-148.

2.03

(1)This common and ornamental species is found naturally only in the Fiji Islands, where it is apparently not uncommon. [tropical climate] (2)The tender species Davallia fejeensis and D. solida are frequently seen in greenhouses and conservatories. [tender, tropical species] (3)frost-free sites, zones 9-11 (4)Hardiness:
USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F)
USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F)
USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F)

(1)Morton, C.V. 1957. Observations on Cultivated Ferns, IV. The Species of Davallia. American Fern Journal 47(4): 143-148. (2)Hoshizaki, B.J. and R. Craig Moran. 2001. Fern Grower's Manual. Timber Press. Portland, OR. (3)Olsen, S. and Suzanne Olsen. 2007. Encyclopedia of Garden Ferns. Timber Press. Portland, OR. (4)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/54822/ [Accessed 11 Dec 2008]

2.04

(1)This common and ornamental species is found naturally only in the Fiji Islands, where it is apparently not uncommon.

(1)Morton, C.V. 1957. Observations on Cultivated Ferns, IV. The Species of Davallia. American Fern Journal 47(4): 143-148.

2.05

(1)I have seen specimens from the New York Botanical Garden, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, the Lake Charm Nursery, Oviedo, Florida, from the gardens of St. Mary's College, Port of Spain, Trinidad, and from the gardens of Mr. L. Graner and Mr. Alfred Roberts, both of Los Angeles, California.

(1)Morton, C.V. 1957. Observations on Cultivated Ferns, IV. The Species of Davallia. American Fern Journal 47(4): 143-148.

3.01

(1)Naturalized in India. (2)First collected in Hawai‘i in 1947, lacy hare’s-foot fern is now widely cultivated on O‘ahu, and probably on other islands as well. It is now naturalized at least in Nu‘uanu Valley, often growing epiphytically in the lower branches of large trees but sometimes trailing along logs or at soil level. There are several other Davallia species in cultivation, none of which have yet been documented as naturalized. Davallia fejeensis can be distinguished by its usually epiphytic habit; young rhizomes covered in hairy, peltate scales; fronds 30–60 cm long; blades 4–5 times pinnately compound, the ultimate segment linear and 1- veined; and sori solitary at the segment tips

(1)Nair NC, and P. Bhargavan. 1981 Davallia fejeensis Hook.: a new additional naturalized element to the Indian flora. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 77(3): 538 - 539. (2)Frohlich, D. and A. Lau. 2008. New plant records from O‘ahu for 2007. Pp. 3-12 in N. L. Evenhuis & L. G. Eldredge (eds.). Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2007. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 100: 55 pp.

3.02

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamed.htm [Accessed 11 Dec 2008]

3.03

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamed.htm [Accessed 11 Dec 2008]

3.04

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamed.htm [Accessed 11 Dec 2008]

3.05

(1)Davallia bilabiata (naturalised), Davallia canariensis (garden thug), Davallia griffithiana (naturalised), Davallia mariesii (naturalised) [no evidence of adverse impacts from any of these species, or control efforts]

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamed.htm [Accessed 11 Dec 2008]

4.01

(1)No evidence

(1)Morton, C.V. 1957. Observations on Cultivated Ferns, IV. The Species of Davallia. American Fern Journal 47(4): 143-148.

4.02

(1)No evidence

(1)Jones, D.L. 1987. Encyclopaedia of Ferns. Timber Press. Portland, OR.

4.03

(1)The plants of this genus are epiphytes (or "air- plants") as they grow naturally in the wild, and consequently they are best cultivated in hanging baskets.

(1)Morton, C.V. 1957. Observations on Cultivated Ferns, IV. The Species of Davallia. American Fern Journal 47(4): 143-148.

4.04

Unknown

4.05

(1)No evidence of toxicity (2)NON-TOXIC PLANTS [for house cats]

(1)Jones, D.L. 1987. Encyclopaedia of Ferns. Timber Press. Portland, OR. (2)http://www.greatbridgevet.com/Templates/ContentPages/Articles/ViewArticleContent.aspx?Id=1195 [Accessed 11 Dec 2008]

4.06

(1)Attacked by Fern Scale and Hard Brown Scale may be a nuisance but rarely persist. Aphids may congregate on developing fronds, and slugs, snails and caterpillars may be occasional pests [no evidence of being a host to important agricultural pests]

(1)Jones, D.L. 1987. Encyclopaedia of Ferns. Timber Press. Portland, OR.

4.07

(1)Used medicinally in many areas of Fiji. Leaves crushed and used to treat and bandage wounds; juice of the leaves used to aid the healing of fractured bones; plants reportedly used to treat stomachache [no evidence of toxicity]

(1)Thaman, R.R., S. Takeda, S. Robinson, T. Fong and A.W. Whistler. 2007. VASCULAR PLANTS OF NUKULAU ISLAND (Rough Draft – 12 March, 2008). The University of the South Pacific Suva, Fiji Islands.

4.08

(1)No evidence that this epiphytic fern increases fire hazards within its native range

(1)Thaman, R.R., S. Takeda, S. Robinson, T. Fong and A.W. Whistler. 2007. VASCULAR PLANTS OF NUKULAU ISLAND (Rough Draft – 12 March, 2008). The University of the South Pacific Suva, Fiji Islands.

4.09

(1)Woody rhizomes, covered with silvery brown hairs, creep along trunks or the forest floor, sending out roots from below and foliage from above. As a plant of the forest floor, D. fejeenis receives indirect, dappled light…In direct sun the foliage will bleach and become less attractive. (2)Sun Exposure: Light Shade Partial to Full Shade

(1)Zachos, E. 2005. Tempting Tropicals: 175 Irresistible Indoor Plants. Timber Press, Portland. OR. (2)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/54822/ [Accessed 11 Dec 2008]

4.10

(1)Most ferns of this group are not suited to growing in soil…These ferns require a coarse, epiphytic type potting mix, which muct be well drained and aerated, and which provides sufficient moisture for the roots.

(1)Jones, D.L. 1987. Encyclopaedia of Ferns. Timber Press. Portland, OR.

4.11

(1)The plants of this genus are epiphytes (or "air- plants") as they grow naturally in the wild, and consequently they are best cultivated in hanging baskets. (2)Occasional epiphytic fern on trees. [no evidence of smothering host plants]

(1)Morton, C.V. 1957. Observations on Cultivated Ferns, IV. The Species of Davallia. American Fern Journal 47(4): 143-148. (2)Thaman, R.R., S. Takeda, S. Robinson, T. Fong and A.W. Whistler. 2007. VASCULAR PLANTS OF NUKULAU ISLAND (Rough Draft – 12 March, 2008). The University of the South Pacific Suva, Fiji Islands.

4.12

(1)Occasional epiphytic fern on trees.

(1)Thaman, R.R., S. Takeda, S. Robinson, T. Fong and A.W. Whistler. 2007. VASCULAR PLANTS OF NUKULAU ISLAND (Rough Draft – 12 March, 2008). The University of the South Pacific Suva, Fiji Islands.

5.01

(1)The plants of this genus are epiphytes (or "air- plants") as they grow naturally in the wild, and consequently they are best cultivated in hanging baskets.

(1)Morton, C.V. 1957. Observations on Cultivated Ferns, IV. The Species of Davallia. American Fern Journal 47(4): 143-148.

5.02

(1)Fern, Davalliaceae

(1)Jones, D.L. 1987. Encyclopaedia of Ferns. Timber Press. Portland, OR.

5.03

(1)Fern, Davalliaceae

(1)Jones, D.L. 1987. Encyclopaedia of Ferns. Timber Press. Portland, OR.

5.04

(1)The plants of this genus are epiphytes (or "air- plants") as they grow naturally in the wild, and consequently they are best cultivated in hanging baskets.

(1)Morton, C.V. 1957. Observations on Cultivated Ferns, IV. The Species of Davallia. American Fern Journal 47(4): 143-148.

6.01

(1)No evidence

(1)Thaman, R.R., S. Takeda, S. Robinson, T. Fong and A.W. Whistler. 2007. VASCULAR PLANTS OF NUKULAU ISLAND (Rough Draft – 12 March, 2008). The University of the South Pacific Suva, Fiji Islands.

6.02

(1)Reproduces by spores.

(1)Morton, C.V. 1957. Observations on Cultivated Ferns, IV. The Species of Davallia. American Fern Journal 47(4): 143-148.

6.03

Unknown

6.04

Unknown

6.05

(1)Fern, Davalliaceae

(1)Jones, D.L. 1987. Encyclopaedia of Ferns. Timber Press. Portland, OR.

6.06

(1)The elongate, creeping rhizomes, densely covered with brown or whitish ornamental scales, can be broken apart, and the sections will form new plants readily.

(1)Morton, C.V. 1957. Observations on Cultivated Ferns, IV. The Species of Davallia. American Fern Journal 47(4): 143-148.

6.07

Probably less than 4 years, but exact year to spore production unknown [can spread vegetatively by rhizome fragments, however…see 6.07]

7.01

Unknown if spores can be transported inadvertently in soil on boots, tires, etc.

7.02

(1)The most ornamental species are probably D. canariensis and D. fejeensis, both of which have finely divided fronds and pilose scales.

(1)Morton, C.V. 1957. Observations on Cultivated Ferns, IV. The Species of Davallia. American Fern Journal 47(4): 143-148.

7.03

Unknown [wind blown spores could presumably contaminate soil if this popular ornamental fern is grown with other ornamental plants]

7.04

(1)Fern, Davalliaceae, wind-dispersed spores

(1)Jones, D.L. 1987. Encyclopaedia of Ferns. Timber Press. Portland, OR.

7.05

(1)Fern, Davalliaceae, wind-dispersed spores [unknown if spores can be transported by water]

(1)Jones, D.L. 1987. Encyclopaedia of Ferns. Timber Press. Portland, OR.

7.06

(1)Fern, Davalliaceae, wind-dispersed spores

(1)Jones, D.L. 1987. Encyclopaedia of Ferns. Timber Press. Portland, OR.

7.07

(1)Fern, Davalliaceae, wind-dispersed spores

(1)Jones, D.L. 1987. Encyclopaedia of Ferns. Timber Press. Portland, OR.

7.08

(1)Fern, Davalliaceae, wind-dispersed spores

(1)Jones, D.L. 1987. Encyclopaedia of Ferns. Timber Press. Portland, OR.

8.01

(1)fronds 30–60 cm long; blades 4–5 times pinnately compound, the ultimate segment linear and 1- veined; and sori solitary at the segment tips [as a fern, presumably produces numerous, wind borne spores. In cultivation, however, propagation by spores may be difficult]

(1)Frohlich, D. and A. Lau. 2008. New plant records from O‘ahu for 2007. Pp. 3-12 in N. L. Evenhuis & L. G. Eldredge (eds.). Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2007. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 100: 55 pp.

8.02

Unknown

8.03

Unknown

8.04

Unknown

8.05

Unknown