Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)
Albizia guachepele
RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTS: Low risk, score: -4
|
Australian/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Hawai‘i. Information on Risk Assessments Original risk assessment |
| Albizia guachepele (Common name - chime tree, cenicero - in Mexico) Synonyms: Albizia longipedata (Pittier) Britton & Rose ex Record, Pithecellobium longipedatum Pittier, Pseudosamanea guachapele (Kunth) Harms., Albizia longipedata (Pittier) Britton & Rose ex Record, Acacia guachapele Kunth (basionym) Family - Fabaceae. | Answer | Score | |
| 1.01 | Is the species highly domesticated? | n | 0 |
| 1.02 | Has the species become naturalized where grown? | ||
| 1.03 | Does the species have weedy races? | ||
| 2.01 | Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical” | 2 | |
| 2.02 | Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2 | ||
| 2.03 | Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) | y | 1 |
| 2.04 | Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates | y | 1 |
| 2.05 | Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2 | y | |
| 3.01 | Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05 | n | -2 |
| 3.02 | Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2) | n | 0 |
| 3.03 | Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2) | n | 0 |
| 3.04 | Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2) | n | 0 |
| 3.05 | Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2) | y | 2 |
| 4.01 | Produces spines, thorns or burrs | n | 0 |
| 4.02 | Allelopathic | n | 0 |
| 4.03 | Parasitic | n | 0 |
| 4.04 | Unpalatable to grazing animals | n | -1 |
| 4.05 | Toxic to animals | n | 0 |
| 4.06 | Host for recognized pests and pathogens | n | 0 |
| 4.07 | Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans | n | 0 |
| 4.08 | Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems | n | 0 |
| 4.09 | Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle | n | 0 |
| 4.1 | Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) | ||
| 4.11 | Climbing or smothering growth habit | n | 0 |
| 4.12 | Forms dense thickets | n | 0 |
| 5.01 | Aquatic | n | 0 |
| 5.02 | Grass | n | 0 |
| 5.03 | Nitrogen fixing woody plant | y | 1 |
| 5.04 | Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) | n | 0 |
| 6.01 | Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat | n | 0 |
| 6.02 | Produces viable seed. | y | 1 |
| 6.03 | Hybridizes naturally | n | -1 |
| 6.04 | Self-compatible or apomictic | ||
| 6.05 | Requires specialist pollinators | n | 0 |
| 6.06 | Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation | n | -1 |
| 6.07 | Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 | 4 | -1 |
| 7.01 | Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas) | n | -1 |
| 7.02 | Propagules dispersed intentionally by people | y | 1 |
| 7.03 | Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant | n | -1 |
| 7.04 | Propagules adapted to wind dispersal | n | -1 |
| 7.05 | Propagules water dispersed | n | -1 |
| 7.06 | Propagules bird dispersed | n | -1 |
| 7.07 | Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) | n | -1 |
| 7.08 | Propagules survive passage through the gut | ||
| 8.01 | Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) | n | -1 |
| 8.02 | Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) | y | 1 |
| 8.03 | Well controlled by herbicides | ||
| 8.04 | Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire | y | 1 |
| 8.05 | Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) | ||
| Total score: | -4 |
Supporting data:
| Notes | Reference | |
| 1.01 | No evidence | |
| 1.02 | ||
| 1.03 | ||
| 2.01 |
(1)"Native: SOUTHERN AMERICA Mesoamerica: Costa Rica; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Mexico - Campeche, Chiapas, Tabasco; Nicaragua [w.]; Panama Northern South America: Venezuela Western South America: Colombia; Ecuador; Peru - Tumbes" (2)"Its natural distribution ranges from Mexico to Bolivia (including Venezuela and Surinam)." (3)"The geographical range of Pseudosamanea guachapele extendsfrom southern Mexico, throughout Central America, to Ecuador in South America (Holdridge and Poveda 1975,Zamora 1991)." |
(1)http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl
(2)Reproduced from the Forestry Compendium. © CAB International,
Wallingford, UK, 2005. (3)http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:SgOExQava5cJ: www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.0234/file+%22Pseudosamanea+guachapele%22 &hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1 |
| 2.02 | Introduced to several countries in the Americas and in Africa. | Reproduced from the Forestry Compendium. © CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 2005. |
| 2.03 | (1)Altitude range: 0 - 1200 m | Reproduced from the Forestry Compendium. © CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 2005. |
| 2.04 |
(1)"Native: SOUTHERN AMERICA Mesoamerica: Costa Rica; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Mexico - Campeche, Chiapas, Tabasco; Nicaragua [w.]; Panama Northern South America: Venezuela Western South America: Colombia; Ecuador; Peru - Tumbes" (2)"Its natural distribution ranges from Mexico to Bolivia (including Venezuela and Surinam)." |
(1)http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl (2)Reproduced from the Forestry Compendium. © CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 2005. |
| 2.05 | (1)Introduced to several countries in the Americas and in Africa. (2)It has been tried in Egypt, Haiti, Honduras, India, Kenya, Mexico, USA and Zambia, where it has produced high amounts of wood biomass across all sites, with a mean woody biomass per tree of 4.05 kg. |
(1)Reproduced from the Forestry Compendium. © CAB International,
Wallingford, UK, 2005. (2)http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/Products/ AFDbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=18046 |
| 3.01 | No evidence regarding naturalization. "It is rare in cultivation …" | http://www.agroforestry.net/tti/Samanea-raintree.pdf |
| 3.02 | NO evidence | |
| 3.03 | No evidence | |
| 3.04 | No evidence | |
| 3.05 | "Albizia julibrissin is commonly used as an ornamental tree because of its appealing fragrance, showy flowers, and low maintenance requirement. It has escaped from the urban landscape and competes with native plants in disturbed habitats and occasionally in forested areas. Typical disturbed habitat may include roadsides, vacant lots, and riparian areas. A. julibrissin prefers full sunlight but is salt and drought tolerant and can thrive in a wide range of soil types." |
http://www.issg.org/database/species/search.asp? sts=sss&st=sss&fr=1&sn=Albizia&rn=&hci=-1&ei=-1&x=39&y=3 |
| 4.01 | No evidence of such structures. |
http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:SgOExQava5cJ: www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.0234/file+%22Pseudosamanea+guachapele%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1 |
| 4.02 | No evidence | |
| 4.03 | No evidence | |
| 4.04 | (1)'In the preference test, however, Pseudosamanea guachapele and Albizia niopoides appeared much more palatable to sheep than any of the other species. (2)Fodder: Browsed by animals during field trials in Malawi, has high potential as a fodder source. |
(1)TI: The potential of some neotropical Albizia species and close relatives
as fodder resources. AU: Stewart-J-L {a}; Dunsdon-A-J SO: Agroforestry-Systems. 2000; 49 (1): 17-30.. PY: 2000 LA: English (2)http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/Products/ AFDbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=18046 |
| 4.05 | No evidence | |
| 4.06 |
The following pests were listed to be associated with Albizia guachapele: Agrotis insect Epicauta insect Leptoglossus insect Mocis latipes (grass looper) insect Ocideres sp. insect Phyllophaga (white grubs) insect Umbonia crassicornis insect [No evidence that the above are economic pests]. |
Reproduced from the Forestry Compendium. © CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 2005. |
| 4.07 | No evidence | |
| 4.08 | Probably not - an evergreen rainforest speceis. | http://rainseed.com/trees.htm |
| 4.09 | "P. guachapele is shade intolerant and requires plenty of light, however seedlings may withstand partial shade in the first two years" | Reproduced from the Forestry Compendium. © CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 2005. |
| 4.1 | "It prefers light to medium textured freely draining neutral soils and has special tolerance to shallow, infertile soils." [No evidene regarding soil type requirement]. |
http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sea/Products/ AFDbases/af/asp/SpeciesInfo.asp?SpID=18046 |
| 4.11 | Not a climber. | |
| 4.12 | No evidence | |
| 5.01 | "Pseudosamanea guachapele is a medium-to-tall treereaching 20 to 30 m in height and 50 to 100 cm d.b.h." |
http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:SgOExQava5cJ: www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.0234/file+%22Pseudosamanea+guachapele%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1 |
| 5.02 | ||
| 5.03 | (1)"P. guachapele is an important nitrogen-fixing tree which may reach 25-30 m in height with d.b.h. of 50-80 cm." (2)"Pseudosamanea guachapele is anitrogen-fixing tree with possibilities for greater use." |
(1)Reproduced from the Forestry Compendium. © CAB International,
Wallingford, UK, 2005. (2)http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:SgOExQava5cJ: www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.0234/file+%22Pseudosamanea+guachapele%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1 |
| 5.04 | ||
| 6.01 | (1)"The tree commonly flowers from December throughMarch along its geographical range." (2)"Distribution: From Guatemala southward to Venezuela and Ecuador. Generally grows in dry areas and seeds naturally in pastures and abandoned fields. Often used for shade in coffee plantations." |
http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:SgOExQava5cJ:www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.0234/file+%22Pseudosamanea+guachapele%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1">
(1)http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:SgOExQava5cJ: http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:SgOExQava5cJ:www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.0234/file+%22Pseudosamanea+guachapele%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1"> www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.0234/file+%22Pseudosamanea+guachapele%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1 (2)http://www2.fpl.fs.fed.us/Techsheets/Chudnoff/TropAmerican/html http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:SgOExQava5cJ:www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.0234/file+%22Pseudosamanea+guachapele%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1"> Docs_tropamerican/Pseudosamaneaguachapele.html |
| 6.02 | "Fresh seeds have 70percent germination with no pretreatment." |
http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:SgOExQava5cJ: www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.0234/file+%22Pseudosamanea+guachapele%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1 |
| 6.03 | Probably not - no evidence of hybridization in the genus Albizia which comprises some well studied forestry species. | |
| 6.04 | Don’t know. | |
| 6.05 | Probably not - photo of the flower cluster does not suggest adaptation to any specialist pollinators. |
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.discoverlife.org/ im/I_SP/0000/80/Pseudosamanea_guachapele_flower_cluster,I_SP76. jpg&imgrefurl=http://pick4.pick.uga.edu/mp/20p%3Fsee%3DI_SP/0000&h=80& w=66&sz=2&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=s2llSbcJl771lM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=61&prev=/ images%3Fq%3D%2522Pseudosamanea%2Bguachapele%2522%2Bflowering %257Cflower%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DDIUS,DIUS:2006-15,DIUS:en%26sa%3DN |
| 6.06 | No evidence of spread by vegetative means. | |
| 6.07 | "In the dry tropical forest areas ofCosta Rica, seedlings produced from Costa Rican seeds growfaster than those from Honduran seeds; 3-year-old saplingsreached an average height of 3.53 m and an average d.b.h. of 6cm (Paterson and others 1996a)." [3-year old sapling probably suggests that the plants have not begun to flower by that age] | |
| 7.01 | Probbaly not - "It is rare in cultivation …" | http://www.agroforestry.net/tti/Samanea-raintree.pdf |
| 7.02 | Pobably yes - Descriptors: fuelwood; round wood; posts; sawn or hewn building timbers; for heavy construction,; beams; for light construction; flooring; exterior fittings; fences; gates; railway sleepers; woodware; turnery; furniture; pulp; short fibre pulp; charcoal | CAB International, 2000. Forestry Compendium Global Module. Wallingford, UK: CAB International. |
| 7.03 | Probbaly not - Althoug the species does come up in pastures and abondoned fields, no evidence of it growing or being planted in or around seed crop fields. |
http://www2.fpl.fs.fed.us/Techsheets/Chudnoff/TropAmerican /htmlDocs_tropamerican/Pseudosamaneaguachapele.html |
| 7.04 | "Pods usually average 12 to 13 seeds; the seedsare transverse, not overlapping, in one series; the funiculus islong, filiform, whitish, coiling or plicate (Gunn 1984). Seedsare ovate, laterally compressed, 0.8 to 0.9 cm long, 0.45 to 0.55cm wide, 1.0 to 1.2 cm thick, and without funicular aril. Thetesta is thick, slightly glossy, creamy, monochrome (if fresh andhealthy), and hard, with pleurogram, linea fissura open at themicropylar end, and fracture lines." [Probably not - seeds relatively large and no evidence of any adpatation for wind dispersal]. |
http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:SgOExQava5cJ: www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.0234/file+%22Pseudosamanea+guachapele%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1 |
| 7.05 | Probably not - a dry forest species - no evidence of the species being growing along waterways. | |
| 7.06 | Probably not - a legume - furit is a pod. |
http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:SgOExQava5cJ: www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.0234/file+%22Pseudosamanea+guachapele%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1 |
| 7.07 | Probably not - no evidence of the propagules have any means of attachment. |
http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:SgOExQava5cJ: www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.0234/file+%22Pseudosamanea+guachapele%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1 |
| 7.08 | No evidencec of ingestion by livestock. | |
| 8.01 | Probably not - relatively large seeds. ""Pods usually average 12 to 13 seeds; the seedsare transverse, not overlapping, in one series; the funiculus islong, filiform, whitish, coiling or plicate (Gunn 1984). Seedsare ovate, laterally compressed, 0.8 to 0.9 cm long, 0.45 to 0.55cm wide, 1.0 to 1.2 cm thick, and without funicular aril. Thetesta is thick, slightly glossy, creamy, monochrome (if fresh andhealthy), and hard, with pleurogram, linea fissura open at themicropylar end, and fracture lines." |
http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:SgOExQava5cJ: www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.0234/file+%22Pseudosamanea+guachapele%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1 |
| 8.02 | Probably yes - a legume tree - "Theseeds are hard and orthodox, and viability under storage atambient temperature (24 to 32 oC) slowly declines. The seedsare frequently attacked by weevils (Nichols and González1992a, 1992b).Seeds can be stored for 2 years and maintain acceptable germination success." |
http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:SgOExQava5cJ:www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.0234/file+%22Pseudosamanea+guachapele%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1">
http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:SgOExQava5cJ: http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:SgOExQava5cJ:www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.0234/file+%22Pseudosamanea+guachapele%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1"> www.rngr.net/Publications/ttsm/Folder.2003-07-11.4726/PDF.2004-03-16.0234/file+%22Pseudosamanea+guachapele%22&hl=en&gl=us&ct=clnk&cd=1 |
| 8.03 | No evidence that the species is being controlled for. | |
| 8.04 | "However, if grown at a high density and with artificial pruning during the first four years, it will develop a good bole form." Tolerates fire. | Reproduced from the Forestry Compendium. © CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 2005. |
| 8.05 | Don’t know. |
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