Sinapis arvensis L., Brassicaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

English: charlock, charlock mustard, corn mustard, field kale, field mustard, kedlock, wild mustard

French: jotte, moutarde des champs, sénevé

Spanish: florecilla, jaramago, lentejilla, mostaza de los campos, mostaza silvestre

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Annual taprooted herb. Stems erect, branching, bearing stiff reflexed hairs especially near base or sometimes glabrous, 50-70 cm tall. Leaves glabrous or with sparse coarse hairs, toothed. Lower leaves lyrate-pinnatifid to lyrate-pinnate, 8-20 x 3-10 cm; terminal leaflet ovate, elliptic or oblong, not lobed, wider than rest of lf; lateral leaflets alternate, ovate to triangular, in (0)-1-3 pairs, the proximal ones sometimes entire. Upper leaves smaller, sessile, not lobed, ovate to oblong to linear. Racemes erect, to 40 cm long, glabrous or with sparse reflexed hairs. Pedicels erect or erecto-patent at fruiting, 3-6-(25) mm long. Sepals ovate to obovate, glabrous, 4-7 x 1.5-3 mm. Petals 4-9 x 1.5-4 mm. Silique 8-20-seeded, constricted or not between the seeds, glabrous or hairy, 25-40 x 1.5-3 mm; beak conic or somewhat flattened, 0-1-seeded, < or = valves"  (Webb et al., 1998; p. 444)

Habitat/ecology:  In Hawai‘i, collected once in a weedy field on Moloka‘i (Herbaricum Pacificum Staff, 1998; p. 9).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  "Widely naturalized, probably native only in Mediterranean region" (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive	Herbarium Pacificum Staff (1998) (p. 9) Voucher cited: O. & I. Degener 35830 (BISH), O. & I. Degener 35833 (BISH)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)		Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 198)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Guatemala (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 338)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	introduced invasive	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) "Roadsides, waste places, fields, pastures; 400-1800 m".
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)		Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 198)
Japan Japan	Japan	introduced	Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 183) var. arvensis, var. orientalis Koch et Ziz. and var. svhkuhiana L. C. Wheela
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)		Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 198)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 444) "Waste places and as a weed of agriculture".
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Colombia		Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 198)

Control:  If you know of control methods for Sinapis arvensis, please let us know.