Jasminum polyanthum Franch., Oleaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  High risk, score: 10 (Go to the risk assessment)

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: duo hua su xin

English: Chinese jasmine, white jasmine, winter jasmine

Habit:  vine

Description:  "Vines woody, twining, 1-10 m. Branchlets terete or angular, glabrous. Leaves opposite, pinnatipartite or pinnately compound; petiole 0.4-2 cm; leaflets 5-7; leaflet blade papery or thin leathery, glabrous or with tufts of hairs in vein axils abaxially; terminal leaflet with petiolule 0-2 cm, lanceolate or ovate, (1.5-) 2.5-9.5 x (0.6-) 1-3.5 cm, base cuneate or rounded, apex acute to caudate-acuminate; lateral ones sessile or short petiolulate, ovate, (1-) 1.5-8.5 x (0.5-) 1-2.7 cm, base rounded or subcordate, apex obtuse or acute. Racemes or panicles terminal or axillary, 5-50-flowered; bracts subulate, 1-6 mm. Flowers heterostylous. Pedicel 0.5-2.5 cm. Calyx glabrous or puberulent; tube 1-2 mm; lobes 5, deltate or subulate-linear, less than 2 mm. Corolla white, red outside and in bud; tube 1.3-2.5 cm; lobes 5, oblong or narrowly ovate, 0.9-1.5 cm. Berry black, subglobose, 6-11 mm in diameter"  (Flora of China online).

Habitat/ecology:  "Forests and forest edges, scrubland.  In the native range, this plant is found from 1,400-3,000 m elevation in ravines, riparian habitats, woods and thickets.  It forms dense thickets and smothers native shrubs and trees, impeding their growth and regeneration"  (Weber, 2003; p. 222).

"Valleys, thickets, woods; 1400-3000 m"  (Flora of China online).  In Hawai‘i, "naturalizing along the trail at Manukā State Park between 550 and 610 m elevation; 5 or 6 stands ranging from 9-230 square meters, crawling on the ground and climbing up onto shrubs and trees, up to 12 m into the canopy"  (Imada, 2007; p. 38).  In Australia, "climbs rapidly into the tree canopy and covers vegetation at all levels, blocking light and restricting growth. Weight may bring down trees. Often grows with other vines. Potentially a serious weed in rainforests and along creeklines"  (Weeds of Blue Mountains Bushland).  In New Zealand, "secondary forest margins, scrub, waste ground, abandoned gardens"  (Healy & Edgar, 1980; p. 878).

Propagation:  "Seeds are rarely produced; the plant spreads mainly vegetatively by layering and suckering from the roots. Stems travel long distances across the ground, frequently rooting down at leaf nodes (layering) to form new plants"  (Weeds of Blue Mountains Bushland).  Often spread by the dumping of garden waste.

Native range:  China; also cultivated (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive cultivated	Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Imada, Clyde (2007) (p. 38) Voucher cited: D. Clausnitzer s.n. (BISH 718780)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	introduced invasive	Harley, Barbara (2009)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) Valleys, thickets, woods; 1400-3000 m. Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan.
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive cultivated	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 878)

Comments:  The strong perfume from the flowers is highly allergenic to some individuals  (Weeds of Blue Mountains Bushland).

Control: 

Physical:  "Seedlings and young plants may be hand pulled or dug out"  (Weber, 2003; p. 222).

Chemical:  "1. Stump swab (all year round): metsulfuron-methyl 600g/kg (5g/L) or Banvine (200ml/L) or Yates Woody Weedkiller (400ml/L). Add penetrant to all mixes. Dispose of all cut stems at a refuse transfer station, or burn or bury deeply.
2. Spray (regrowth): glyphosate (150ml/15L + penetrant (knapsack) or 1L/100L + penetrant (handspraygun)) or metsulferon-methyl 600g/kg (5g/10L + penetrant (knapsack) or 40g/100L + penetrant (spraygun)) or Banvine (120ml/L) or Yates Woody Weedkiller (240ml/L)"  (Weedbusters New Zealand).